322 THE POPULAR SCIEXCE MONTHLY. 



language of the royal ordinance for its management, " has for its end 

 to educate able forest managers by free instruction " ; subordinate to 

 this, a system of district forest schools, of which the same ordinance 

 says, " The aim of these forest schools is, through gratis instruction, 

 to form good foresters " ; and, finally, the common schools, together 

 with private elementary schools of forestry, aided to some extent by 

 the Government. 



The Forest Institute at Stockholm ranks with the best forest 

 schools of Europe. Its course of instruction and its mauagement are 

 so nearly like those in use at Nancy, at Neustadt-Eberswalde, and 

 elsewhere, that we need not speak of them in detail. 



The district forest schools are established at suitable points in 

 the public forests. They are under the oversight of the Forest Bureau, 

 and each under the visitation of the forest inspector in whose district 

 of service the school is situated. Each forest school is presided over 

 by a president, who is at the same time the teacher of the school, with 

 a forest overseer as his assistant. The course of instruction embraces 

 one full year, at the end of which the pupils have a public examination. 

 In 1874 there were seven schools of this kind. There were alse thir- 

 teen private elementary schools of forestry, supported in part by gov- 

 ernment aid. It is also a noticeable feature of the system of education 

 in Sweden that horticulture and tree-planting are taught in the Falk 

 schools, or common schools. From the report of 1873 we find that in 

 that year 59,860 pupils received such instruction. The same ratio 

 would give 600,000 pupils for the United States. 



Spain and Portugal, ranking lowest almost of all European coun- 

 tries in the proportion of their forest area to their total surface, the 

 one having, on the authority of Reutzsch, 5*52, and the other 4*40 per 

 cent., are yet not without their forest schools. A School of Forest 

 Engineers was established in 1846, at Villaviciosa, not far from Madrid. 

 In 1869 it was transferred to San Lorenzo del Escurial. It is under 

 the direction of the Minister of Agriculture. Is has a director, nine 

 professors, and two assistants. The course of instruction extends to 

 three years. 



An Agricultural Institute was founded at Lisbon in 1852. It was 

 reorganized in 1865 as the General Institute of Agriculture. The 

 course of instruction embraces rural engineering, sylviculture, agrono- 

 my, forest engineering, and veterinary medicine. The corps of in- 

 struction consists of ten professors and five substitutes, as they are 

 called. The institute is well furnished with grounds, cabinets, and 

 collections adapted to give practical instruction in the studies 

 taught. 



Denmark and Finland also have their schools of forestry, the one 

 at Copenhagen, under the title of the Royal Veterinary and Agricult- 

 ural High School, and the other at Evois. 



Russia has several schools scattered throughout her vast territory. 



