630 



THE POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



length of life is merely an expression of the sum total of social influ- 

 ences upon the organism. A community may be divided into ever 

 so many groups, each of which will have its peculiarity, and the 

 summary of all these units will give as resultant the average of life. 

 Every graduated mortality table may, therefore, be considered only 

 an approximate expression of the death-rate under the conditions and 

 at the time of observation. 



We may now follow " English Life Table No. 3 " more in detail. 

 It gives a separate record of both male and female life, and we may 

 examine the mortality of males first. 



The notation adopted refers to the percentage of death in the cur- 

 rent year ; meaning from birth to end of first year, 1 from begin- 

 ning to end of second year of life, and so on : 



The table ends with age 107. ' 



Taking birth as a starting-point, the mortality for the first 5 years of life is 27*64 per cent. 



U (( (( U (( U U IQ U (( 31-02 " 



u (( (( u (( i( u 9Q u a 34'8'^ " 



The rate of mortality of age 5 is again reached at about age 41 



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82 



About 1 in 4-J^ of all children born will reach age 70 



78 



90 



Let us now compare male and female mortality. There are born 

 511,745 males to 488,255 females, being an excess of 23,490 males 

 4 "81 per cent. 



I>;iring age 0, the dcath,^ are 83,719 males to 65,774 females: leaving males 



in excels 1-31 per cent. 



8 the excess of males living is TOO 



1-18 



2-08 



At 



" 15, 



(1 

 (I 



" 37 



'< r. 



0. 



u 



(4 



(( 



(( 



a 



.93 



" 53 the sexes are about even in number. 



"70 the excess oi females living is 8-00 



"80 " " " 19-00 



"90 " " " 41.00 



End of table for male life is 107 years, for female life is 108 years. 

 Equation of " " 44^ " of " " 46^ " 



Of mo.les living at age 20, about 1 in 3 will roach 70 years, of females 1 in 2|-. 



1 " 8 " " 80 " " 1 " 6f. 



1 " 70 " " 90 " " 1 " 49. 









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