670 THE POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



the colored people have not so far surpassed the whites of the South 

 in ratio of gain as to give any considerable encouragement to the sus- 

 picion of incorrectness in the showing of the census reports. It is as 

 true that the Southern white population has gained slightly from for- 

 eign immigration during the decade, but it is also true, as going partly 

 to offset this, that the colored population of the United States has 

 gained slightly from the intermarriage of white women with colored 

 men. 



The foreign population in the South is very small compared with 

 that in the North. The foreign-born population in Missouri is (1880) 

 but lOf per cent, of the native population of the State ; in Maryland, 

 9f ; in Texas, Tf ; in Louisiana, 6 ; while in Mississippi, Alabama, and 

 South Carolina, it is about three fourths of one per cent. ; in Georgia, 

 two thirds of one per cent., and in North Carolina but one fourth of 

 one per cent. On the contrary, the foreign-born population bears a 

 large proportion to the native in the Northern States. In Nevada it is 

 70 per cent. ; in Minnesota, 52 ; in California, 51 ; in Wisconsin, 44^ ; in 

 Rhode Island, 39 ; in Massachusetts, 33 ; in New York, 31J ; in Michi- 

 gan, 31 ; in Nebraska, 27 ; in Connecticut, 26J ) in Colorado, 25^ ; in 

 Illinois, 23^ ; and so on down to Indiana, the lowest, 7f . The aggre- 

 gate of foreign-born in the Northern States is 5,854,000, while in the 

 Southern States it is only 658,000 : that is, 1,011 foreigners out of 

 10,000 (or a little more than one out of ten) have up to the present 

 time settled in the South. In a comparison of the white gain South 

 and the white gain North during the last decade, the disadvantage 

 which the former has in this element of immigration is without com- 

 pensation, inasmuch as the migration from South to North is probably 

 about equal to that from North to South, and is comparatively small 

 at any rate. Yet the white gain South was 32'9 per cent., and North 

 but 26*8 per cent. What, then, would be the figures after making 

 proper allowance for the numerical effects of immigration on the popu- 

 lation of the two sections ? Only approximate results can be had. 



The arrival of foreigners during the last decade is counted at 

 2,813,000. Deducting from this aggregate 60,000 Asiatics as non-pro- 

 lific, and also other foreigners in the Territories about 65,000 more, 

 there would remain 2,088,000 as the number belonging to the States. 

 But these were not all counted in the census. They were here during 

 an average of nearly five and a half years (the heaviest arrivals hav- 

 ing taken place during the earlier years of the decade), and allowance 

 must be made for deaths during this peried. Few children or old per- 

 sons emigrate. Most are in the prime of life, and the proportion of 

 deaths would probably be allowed for at 12^ per cent. Making this 

 reduction, there would remain 2,352,000 immigrants which were added 

 to the population of the States during the last decade and counted in 

 the census. 



But this result may be reached by a different route by adding the 



