LITERARY NOTICES. 



709 



Marine Alg^ of Xew England and Adja- 

 cent Coast. By Professor W. S. Far- 

 low. Reprinted from the Report of the 

 United States Fish Commission for 1879. 

 By George A. Bates. Salem, Massachu- 

 setts. Price, 1.50. 



Since the publication, by the Smithso- 

 nian Institution, nearly twenty-five years 

 ago, of Harvey's " Nereis Boreali-Ameri- 

 cana," there has been no work on United 

 States algae, except formal lists, to which the 

 student could refer. Dr. Farlow, who is 

 one of the most eminent algologists in the 

 country, has given us in this work a com- 

 pact hand-book which will be of great ser- 

 vice to the collector and student. In the 

 introduction much interesting information 

 is given regarding the distribution of spe- 

 cies along the coast. Cape Cod forms a 

 barrier to many species. Dr. Farlow says 

 the difference between the flora of Massa- 

 chusetts Bay and Buzzard's Bay, which are 

 only a few miles apart, is greater than the 

 difference between those of Massachusetts 

 Bay and the Bay of Fundy. This difference 

 is found to correspond precisely with what 

 is known of the fauna. He speaks of the oc- 

 currence of southern species of sea-weeds in 

 a small sheet of water near Gloucester, to 

 which the sea has access during a small por- 

 tion of each tide, and, in referring to the 

 presence of certain northern species south, 

 says, " It seems to be the rule that wherev- 

 er the water is cold enough we meet Arctic 

 species, and wherever it is warm enough we 

 have Long Island species, regardless of the 

 remoteness of localities where the species 

 naturally abound, and, as far as we know, 

 of the absence of currents to transport the 

 spores." The book closes with an excel- 

 lent bibliography, and fifteen plates contain- 

 ing fifty-seven figures. 



IIand-book of Chemical Physiology and 

 Pathology, with Lectures upon Nor- 

 mal AND Abnormal Urine. By Victor 

 C. Vaughan, M. D., Ph. D., Lecturer on 

 Medical Chemistry in the University of 

 Michitran. Ann Arbor Printing and Pub- 

 lishing Co. Pp. 347. 



The second edition of this work was 

 called for in 1879, the first having been 

 speedily exhausted. A third edition, revised 

 and enlarged, appeared last year. The nat- 

 ure of the work is expressed in its title. It 

 makes no claim to completeness, but is of- 



fered as a guide to the student who desires 

 to pursue this branch of study. The latest 

 authorities have been followed, and free use 

 has been made of standard works and jour- 

 nals treating upon the various subjects dis- 

 cussed. In the present edition there is ap- 

 pended a second part, consisting of finely 

 executed plates for illustration of the text. 

 The book may be commended as giving with- 

 in reasonable limits an excellent account of 

 chemical physiology and pathology. 



" English Philosophers, David Hartley 

 and James Mill." By Mr. G. S. Bower, 

 M. A. New York : G. P. Putnam's Sons. 

 Pp. 250. Price, 1.25. 



The reason why these authors are re- 

 viewed in company is probably because 

 James Mill's system forms a sort of se- 

 quence to Hartley's, although this sequence 

 is manifestly due more to the incidents of 

 general intellectual growth in England than 

 to any relation of discipleship between the 

 authors. 



The doctrine of association is shown to 

 have first received a definite form at the 

 hands of Hartley, although its inception as 

 a principle is traced as far back as Aristotle. 

 James Mill elaborated this doctrine, having 

 at his command richer stores of science, but 

 deprived it of some of those wider applica- 

 tions which later writers have adduced, and 

 which were foreshadowed by the superior 

 imagination of Hartley. To quote the au- 

 thor: " Let us first find a statement of the 

 doctrine of association, in its very simplest 

 terms. So far Hartley and James Mill are 

 perfectly at one. We will take the defini- 

 tion given by the latter. ' Our ideas,' he 

 says, ' spring up, or exist, in the order in 

 which the sensations existed of which they 

 are copies. This is the general law of the 

 association of ideas, by which term, let it 

 be remembered, nothing is here meant to 

 be expressed but the order of occurrence.' " 



On the whole, Hartley's conception of 

 the doctrine was more physical than Mill's. 

 He called it a theory of vibrations. The 

 counterpart and development of this theory 

 of vibrations, as explained by Hartley, is to 

 be found, the author tells us, in the " neu- 

 ral tremors " described by G. H. Lewes and 

 Dr. Maudsley. 



A very simple and, perhaps, more ad- 



