THE MILITANT TYPE OF SOCIETY, 755 



subjects to tlie same political status a condition of decay rather than 

 of development does the converse state arise. 



The principle of inheritance, becoming established in respect of the 

 classes which militancy originates, and fixing the general functions of 

 their members from generation to generation, tends eventually to fix 

 also their special functions. Not only do men of the slave classes and 

 the artisan classes succeed to their respective positions, but they suc- 

 ceed to the particular occupations carried on in them. This, which is 

 a working out of the tendency toward regimentation, is ascribable pri- 

 marily to the fact that superiors, requiring from each kind of worker 

 his particular product, have an interest in replacing him at death by a 

 capable successor ; while he, prompted to get aid in fulfilling of his 

 tasks, has an interest in bringing up a son to his own occupation : the 

 will of the son being powerless against these conspiring interests. 

 Under the system of compulsory cooperation, therefore, the principle 

 of inheritance, spreading through the producing organization, causes a 

 relative risriditv in this also. 



And then a kindred effect is shown in the entailed restraints on 

 movement from place to place. In proportion as the individual is sub- 

 ordinated in life, liberty, and property, to his society, it is needful that 

 his whereabout shall be constantly known. Obviously the relation of 

 the soldier to his officer, and of this officer to his superior, is such that 

 each must be ever at hand ; and where the militant type is fully de- 

 veloped the like holds throughout the society. The slave can not leave 

 his appointed abode ; the serf is tied to his allotment ; the master is 

 not allowed to absent himself from his locality without leave. 



So that the corporate action, the combination, the cohesion, the 

 regimentation, which efficient militancy necessitates, imply a structure 

 which strongly resists change. 



A further trait of the militant type, naturally accompanying the 

 last, is that organizations other than those forming parts of the state 

 organization are wholly or partially repressed. The public combina- 

 tion occupying all fields, excludes private combinations. 



For the achievement of complete corporate action, there must, as 

 we have seen, be a centralized administration, not only throughout 

 the combatant part, but throughout the non-combatant part ; and, if 

 there exist unions of citizens which act independently, they in so far 

 diminish the range of this centralized administration. Any structures 

 which are not parts of the state structure serve more or less as limi- 

 tations to it, and stand in the way of the required unlimited subordi- 

 nation. If private combinations are allowed to exist, it will be on 

 condition of submitting to an official regulation such as greatly re- 

 strains independent action ; and since private combinations thus offi- 

 cially regulated are inevitably hindered from doing things not con- 

 forming to established routine, and are so debarred from improvement, 



