758 THE POPULAR SCLEXCE MONTHLY. 



kind of legendary being, hidden in the deepest forests, an object of 

 curiosity, abundant enough to furnish ivory, and to provoke the man 

 of the time to execute drawings of him. In fact, the man of this age 

 had made great progress. The division of industrial labor had be- 

 come efficient. The cutting of the flints had attained great perfection 

 and delicacy, and a new branch of industry had been added to it ; 

 bone was worked, w r ith ivory and reindeer-horn. Both the instru- 

 ments and the substances of which they were made were now special- 

 ized. We have seen points of javelins and darts artistically worked 

 on both faces, and prepared for handles ; the scrapers were no less 

 appropriately fitted to the use to which they were exclusively applied. 

 Of bone were made needles, harpoons, and at last purely ornamental 

 articles, sculptures, and engravings. Some of the representations 

 give us curious details concerning the man and the animals of the 

 epoch. The reindeer, bear, and mammoth were figured. The man 

 is always naked, or appears to be. We distinguish the figure of a 

 woman, whose body seems covered with hair ; but this may only in- 

 dicate garments of skins. One of the figures represents a man walk- 

 ing with a club over his shoulder. Men also become differentiated by 

 localization, and the Magdalenean man offers us one of the earliest 

 instances in Europe of this effect. The Solutrean race, whose spear- 

 heads are so finished, and the more recent and more artistic race of 

 the caves of Perigord, whose simple designs and efforts in sculpture 

 we admire, show us the first essays of that spirit of initiative and of 

 relative pi*ogress, which, after localization, conducted some of them 

 to material inventions and ideal conceptions, and by these to the 

 region of that supreme culture of all our faculties which we call 

 civilization. 



As M. de Mortillet shows, the man of la Madeleine was a hunter, 

 active, ingenious, and susceptible to sentimental impressions from 

 living nature. lie had a home, and joys and sorrows ; he held his 

 hunting-feasts, and knew how to procure a kind of enjoyment with 

 the aid of the arts of imitation and ornamentation. He recognized 

 rank and a hierarchy, for he possessed emblems of honor and insignia 

 of command. But this was all. He had no agriculture, no domestic 

 life ; and, if those men had any particular way of disposing of their 

 dead, it was by exposure in the open air ; and this is probably the 

 reason that so few of their remains are found. 



Is there any way in which we can determine the physical traits and 

 osteological structure of this Magdalenean race ? The numerous re- 

 mains found at Cro Magnon in connection with articles of the Mag- 

 dalenean age were thought to belong to the artistic race of Perigord ; 

 but M. de Mortillet discredits this opinion by showing that the places 

 where these remains occur were disturbed in the succeeding period, 

 the Robenhausian, and that the burials, unknown to the Magdaleneans, 

 were practiced by those who came after them. 



