AFRICAN PSYCHOLOGY. 39g 



not hear on all sides the complaint that, from the highest forms of 

 brain-work to the lowest forms of hand-work, the strain requisite for 

 success breaks down prematurely those who follow them ? Is not the 

 choice, too often, virtually between immediate death from want, or a 

 more gradual and protracted death from overwork, or the unhealthy 

 conditions of work ? 



Our organization of labor is exceedingly one-sided and imperfect. 

 It is directed almost exclusively to the advancement of the work, with- 

 out any reference to the welfare of the worker. We have a long way 

 to go before we can be rid of the most crying evils of our present 

 state. 



It is only too evident that we have not yet solved the most funda- 

 mental problems in regard to labor, when we see such glaring contra- 

 dictions as produce spoiling in the fields because there is no market 

 for it, and mills stopping work because the market is over-supplied, 

 when at the same time thousands are suffering from want of food and 

 clothes. So long as the relations between workers and work are so 

 imperfect, the hardships thus entailed must fall upon women as well 

 as upon men. 



One of the first requisites for improvement is to know the direction 

 in which effort should be made. We must learn to distinguish the 

 movement of the tide from the eddy caused by resistance to its ad- 

 vance. One of the greatest difficulties in the way of freedom of work 

 for women will be removed when once it is recognized that in this di- 

 rection is the onward movement of the current, however turbid it may 

 be from the obstacles that disturb its course. 



+ 



AFEICAX PSYCHOLOGY. 



Br MAX BUCHNER. 



A LL of those parts of South Africa which are under the dominion 

 -j- of the Bantu race are ethnographically so homogeneous that 

 the essential facts that may be stated of one tribe apply almost exactly 

 to all, and the differences in dress, stature, color of the skin, utensils 

 and weapons, ornaments, customs, and ideas, which are produced by 

 external and different temporary, not local, changes only, are limited 

 in every case by the same lines. Many of the photographs brought 

 by my friend and colleague Buchta from the Egyptian Soodan might 

 as well have come from the territory I explored, diagonally opposite 

 to it. The language of King Mtesa's Wagancla has the same gram- 

 matical structure as that of the Angolese, and the vocabularies of both 

 people have numerous similar words. 



