434 THE POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



but living in other States and the Territories was 566,848. This num- 

 ber is made up by emigration from the different States as follows : 

 From Massachusetts, 175,349 ; from Vermont, 117,590 ; from Connect- 

 icut, 108,797 ; from Maine, 93,256 ; from New Hampshire, 49,397 ; 

 and from Rhode Island, 22,459. 



From another point of view it will be seen how these natives of 

 New England are distributed. New York has 133,272 ; Illinois, 53,128 ; 

 California, 46,908 ; Iowa, 38,170 ; Michigan, 37,865 ; Wisconsin, 

 37,615 ; Minnesota, 34,636 ; Ohio, 32,819 ; Pennsylvania, 26,787 ; 

 Kansas, 19,338 ; New Jersey, 18,148 ; and other States under 10,000 

 and much less. Vermont has sent away the largest number for its 

 population, and New Hampshire the least. Maine and Massachusetts 

 have sent the largest delegations to California, being three fourths of 

 all the emigrants in that State from New England. It appears by the 

 census that the States bordering on New York Vermont, Massachu- 

 setts, and Connecticut have sent over 100,000 persons to that State, 

 while the other New England States have sent only some 20,000. The 

 representation from New England (178,207) in the Middle States is 

 much larger than is generally supposed. This emigration has now 

 been going on for three fourths of a century, and it would constitute 

 a fact of great interest if we could ascertain the number of persons 

 born in New England who have ever removed from her borders to 

 the Middle and Western States as well as to the Territories. 



The census of 1850 shows that at that time there were 454,626 ; in 

 1860 there were 562,997 ; in 1870 there were 615,747, and in 1880, 

 566,848. It will be seen by these figures that for twenty years the 

 number has been very stationary, the new emigrants making not quite 

 good the number who had deceased. 



It is full two generations since this emigration commenced. As 

 nearly all those persons emigrating were between the ages of twenty 

 and forty, great numbers must have died at various periods. The 

 exact amount of this mortality it is impossible to ascertain, and the 

 data for forming anything like a correct estimate are altogether too 

 uncertain. It may have been a quarter of a million, and possibly a 

 half million. What has been the effect of this steady and large drain 

 of people on New England opens a question of much interest. 



Without entering upon the discussion of the subject, we make two 

 or three suggestions. It will be admitted, we presume, that those 

 young men and women, leaving their homes, possessed, as a general 

 thing, more physical energy and mental stamina than those remain- 

 ing behind. Such a loss of physical vigor and character must have 

 had a decided effect upon business interests as well as the present 

 state of society. But, from another point of view, the loss may have 

 had a more decided and lasting influence, that is, in its permanent 

 effect upon physical and mental development. The better the princi- 

 ples of physiology are understood the more we discover what a pow- 



