Fairbanks] GEOGRAPHY AND NATURE-STUDY 197 



Nature-Study — Eighth Grade 

 Industrial 



Development of industries in connection with the settlement and growth 

 of communities. 



Taking different sections of the country.study their characteristic indus- 

 tries as related to climate, physical features, soil, and means of communi- 

 cation. 



Biological 



Study from observation and illustrations specimens of the main groups 

 of animals. Detailed study of how animals have become adapted to the 

 various conditions of land and water existence. 



Observations upon the most important plant groups. 



Food of plants contrasted with that of animals. 



Study of a few flowerless plants, mushrooms and fungi. 



Lowly organisms source of disease. How to guard against. 



Influence of man in distribution of plants and animals. 



Characteristic plants of the different life zones of North America. Life- 

 zones of the high mountains. 



Various problems of forestry, growing, cutting and preservation from 

 fire and disease of forest trees. Characteristics of forests of different por- 

 tions of the United States. 



Physical 



Different forms of matter. Experiments in changing matter from one 

 form into another. 



The study of chemical reactions involved in various common phenomena. 



Air, heat, light, electricity as concerned in various problems and activities 

 of life. All work, both observational and experimental to be closely con- 

 nected with actual problems confronting the pupils or experiences which 

 they may undergo. 



Geography and History — Eighth Grade 



More thorough study than previously attempted of the processes at work 

 building up and tearing down the features of the earth's surface. Illustrate 

 as far as possible by observations, experiments. Supplement by reading 

 and use of pictures. 



Review main facts of Colonial life and development, explorations and 

 settlement of different portions of the North American continent. 



Connected study of the history of the United States from the Revolution 

 down to the present. Carry on this work with relief models and maps con- 

 stantly at hand and seek at every step to bring out causes and relations. 



Bring out in connection with every event in the internal relations of the 

 people, in the expansion of the territory of the United States and in the 

 development of its industries the geographic factors concerned. The most 

 important of these factors are the original inhabitants, character of the 

 new comers, climate, soil, natural products of the soil and rocks, presence 

 of mountain barriers and deserts, mountain passes, lakes, navigable streams, 

 water power, etc. 



