172 PROCEEDINGS OP THE ACADEMY OP 



four are valid new species. Most of the species are also figured. 

 Forster does not give longirostris, Scop. ; this, added to his seven 

 good species, gives us the following list of eight valid and well- 

 determined species, up to date. 



1. Diomedea demersa, Linn. 1766. 



2. Phaeton demersus, Linn. 1766. [=catarractes, Auct.] 



3. APTENODYTESLONGiROSTRis,Seop. 1777. [= pennantii, Gray.] 



4. Aptenotydes papua, Scop. 1777. [nomen ineptuin.] 



5. Aptenodytes chrysocome, Forst. 1781. 



6. Aptenodytes patachonica, Forst. 1781. 



7. Aptenodytes Antarctica, Forst. 1781. 



8. Aptenodytes minor, Forst. 1781. 



1782. Bonnaterre, Ency. Method, i. p. 67, 68. Figures Apt. 

 papua (pi. 17). Names Apt. gorfua; it is the same as Phaeton de- 

 mersus, L. 



1788. Gmelin, Syst. Nat. i. pp. 555-9. This author gathers 

 eleven species, as follows. None of those given additional to 

 Forster's are valid: 



1. A. chrysocome, p. 555. This is based primarily upon Forster, 

 133, pi. 1, although the author also quotes the Manchot sauteur, 

 Buff, ix., 409, and Manchot huppe de Siberie, P. E. 984, which is 

 catarractes. But as the description is applicable to either species, 

 and the prior reference is to Forster, I do not see why Gmelin 's 

 bird should not be considered the same as Forster's. 



2. A. patachonica, p. 556. This is compounded of equal parts 

 of the two species of Aptenodytes ; for neither Gmelin nor an} r 

 of the earlier authors seem to have made the discrimination, 

 although we can, in certain cases, as those of Scopoli and Forster, 

 determine which species they had in view. Thus, Gmelin quotes 

 Forster, 137, pi. 2, and Mill. 111. pi. 20, both of which are true 

 patachonica, Forst. (forsteri, Graj-); and also quotes BurT., ix. 399; 

 P. E. 975 ; Sonnerat, Voy. 179, pi. 113 ; Pennant, Phil. Trans, lviii. 

 p. 91 ; Pennant. G. of B. 66, pi. 14 ; and Latham, Syn. vi. 563, No. 

 2 ; most of which, when not including both species, are unmis- 

 takably the smaller species (pennantii, Gray). 



3. A. papua, p. 556. Based on Sonnerat and Forster. 



4. A. Antarctica, p. 557. Forster's species. 



5. A. magellanicus, p. 557. Forster's species. Mill., pi. 34, 

 Lath., Syn. vi. 569, are also quoted. It is a variety of demei^sus. 



