NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. 173 



6. A. demersus, p. 557, is the Linnnean bird. Ginelin makes a 

 variety, /3, on Brisson's neevius coupled with the Manchot d bee 

 tronque of Buflbn, ix. 411 ; P. E. 1005. 



7. A. catarractes, p. 558, stands on the same footing as the 

 Linnaean Phaeton demersus. 



8. A. torquatus, p. 558, is the same as Forster's bird; the 

 collared variety of demersus. Sonnerat, pi. 114, etc. 



9. A. minor, p. 558 == A. minor, Forst. 



10. A. chilensis and 11, A. chiloensis, p. 559, are based on 

 Molina's descriptions of a young S. demersus in downy plumage, 

 and one of the same species in imperfect feathering. 



1790. Latham, Index Ornithologicus, ii. 878 et seq. In this 

 work binomial names are given to the species described under 

 English names in the General Synopsis, vol. vi. of the same 

 author. We may also conveniently consider, in this connection, 

 Latham's General History, vol. x. p. 381 et seq., which brings the 

 subject, so far as this author is concerned, down to 1824. As ex- 

 pressing the author's mature views, we take *up the species as 

 given in the latter work, referring also to the earlier ones. There 

 are fifteen of them, as follows : 



1. Cape pinguin, p. 381 ; Gen. Syn. vi. 566 ; Apt. demersus, Ind. 

 Orn. ii. 879. This is the original Linnaean Diomedea demersa. 

 Latham makes a var. A. out of Brisson's S. naeoius, and a var. B. 

 of the Pinguin & lunettes of Fernet, Yoy. ii. 17, pi. 7, f. 3. 

 Neither variety stands good. 



2. Magellanic pinguin,p. 383 ; Syn. 569; Apt. magellanicus, 

 Ind. 880. This is the collared variety of demersus. 



3. Crested pinguin, p. 385 ; Syn. 561 ; A. chrysocome, Ind. 878. 

 This is essentially the same as Forster's and Gmelin's chrysocome, 

 but Latham also makes some other quotations (as Pinguinaria 

 cristata, Shaw, Nat. Misc. pi. 437, and Planch. Enl. 984), which 

 are probably catarractes. 



4. Red-footed pinguin, p. 386 ; Syn. 572 ; Apt. catarractes, Ind. 

 881. The original Phaeton demersus of Linnaeus. 



5. Little pinguin, p. 387, pi. clxxx = A minor, Forst. 



6. New Holland pinguin, p. 388. Indeterminable with certainty ; 

 no references are given, but the description points to a young S. 

 demersus. (" Bill black, upper mandible hooked near the tip, 

 under truncated, legs flesh-colored brown, webs black.") 



