NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. 119 



senting Aptenodytes, the fourth and fifth containing, respectively, 

 S. minor, and S. demersus with its variety magellanicus. The 

 third contains the four crested species (divided into that one with 

 the short tail, catarractes, and the three with longer tail, chryso- 

 come, cJirysoIopha, and diademata) in one sub-group, to which 

 antiptodes is added as a second sub-group. The second includes 

 the three longest-tailed species, adelise, papua, and antarctica. 

 The article is open to criticism on the score of the generic deter- 

 mination, we think, for we show, in another place, that there cer- 

 tainly are several well-marked modifications of cranial structure, 

 warranting, if not enforcing, as many generic divisions. But 

 even here the difference between Dr. Schlegel's results and our 

 own is rather apparent than real, for the divisions he makes seem 

 to correspond, in the main, with the genera we find it necessary to 

 adopt. (Cf. Newton, Zool. Bee. 1867, 124. Ibis, 1868, 110.) 



1867. Huxley, P. Z. S., 458. The penguins form the fourth 

 of the several third-rate groups into which the author proposes 

 to divide birds, in his celebrated "Classification," and are called 

 " Spheniscomorph a?" a name anticipated by Squamipennes, 

 Nullipennes, Impennes, Ptilopteri, and some other designations. 

 Of the nine sets of characters assigned, the fifth, sixth, seventh, 

 and eighth' are more or less perfectly diagnostic; the ninth is 

 shared by nearby all swimming and some wading birds; the fourth 

 and first are no more applicable to penguins than to a great many 

 other birds; the third is not likewise particularly pertinent, and 

 the second is untrue, so far as relates to the basipterygoid pro- 

 cesses these being present in some species of the family. The 

 group, it is said, " contains" the single family Apterodytidse, and 

 comprises three genera, Eudyptes, Spheniscus, and Apterodytes 

 [lege Aptenodytes]. It is probable that final determinations will 

 show that Prof. Huxle3''s views are perfectly sound in this last 

 particular. (Y. cranial characters, infra.) 



1868. Lecomte, P. Z. S. 527. Biographical. 



1869. Layard, Ibis, 378. On destruction of E. ehrysocome 

 in the Crozette Islands. 



1869. Buller, Trans. N. Zealand Inst., 112. Occurrence of 

 S. undinas (sc. minor) in New Zealand. 



1870. Finsch, P. Z. S. p. 332, pi. 25. A new species, Dasy- 

 rhamph it s herculis, is described and figured; it is the young of 

 adeliee, with the throat white, as indeed Mr. Gray had already de- 



