i895- RELATION OF PHILOSOPHY TO SCIENCE. 257 



constitute part of nature, and we ourselves part of the universe, 

 comprised under nature, which we raise by our endeavours and by 

 this view. 



By omitting to reaUse the fact of Man being a part of the 

 universe, not merely situate there, we lose sight of a lever, by which 

 intelligence — from its dynamical^ side — operates upon the universe. 

 In this sense Man becomes independent {i.e., not dominated tyran- 

 nically by the universe, without reciprocal powers of action), acquiring 

 all the privileges attached to membership of the community of 

 nature. 



It appears accordingly that free-will exists in the only sense 

 conceivable. Those who contend that more freedom than this is 

 desirable would do a service by trying to define that condition they 

 would wish in preference to see prevailing. We receive our 

 existence gratuitously, evolved out of the universe without pay or 

 cost ; and we may expect to rough it a little with the chance of 

 contributing to the dignity of nature by our career. In the past rise 

 of man through a long train of progressive evolution, as in the case of 

 life generally, the "inner relations" being evolved from the "outer 

 relations " (environment), are thereby made best adapted for the 

 " outer relations," or brought into accord with them by the most 

 fitting method conceivable. 



Hamburg. S. Tolver Preston. ' 



1 The material side of intelligence is, of course, represented by the brain, the 

 constituent matter of which is in a state of active motion, pervaded by the light- 

 conveying ether. 



