1895. THE SWEDISH ZOOLOGICAL STATION. 409 



favourite resort of Swedish naturalists, and became a recognised 

 zoological station by a process of natural evolution. 



It was Bengt Fries who in 1835 first visited Kristineberg, and 

 was so pleased with the place that he returned there in 1837 and 1838 

 with W. v. Wright to study and to collect specimens for the State 

 Museum. In 1839 Sven Loven paid his first visit to Kristineberg, 

 and it subsequently became the place where he carried out many of 

 the beautiful researches of which some account was given in the 

 October number of Natural Science. Dredges and other apparatus 

 necessary for investigating the life of deep-sea animals gradually 

 accumulated ; moreover, Loven trained two of the local fishermen, 

 Bengtsson and Jacobsson by name, not only to manage the dredge 

 and collect specimens, but also to know the names of the commoner 

 forms. These advantages induced many other naturalists to spend 

 their summer holidays at Kristineberg, and among them may be 

 mentioned Anders Retzius, C. J. Sundevall, J. E. Areschough, 

 Johannes Miiller, W. Lilljeborg, G. Lindstrom, T. Thorell, O. Torell, 

 F. A. Smitt, Chr. Loven, R. M. Bruzelius, A. J. Malmgren, and 

 O. T. Sandahl. In a word, Sweden had a sort of zoological station 

 earlier than any other country. 



But a real Zoological Station, with authority and endowment, 

 was required. This was recognised by Loven, and it was owing to 

 his exertions that the station of Kristineberg was founded. The 

 capital was obtained from Anders Fredrik Regnell, who, while 

 making his fortune as a physician in Brazil, often remitted large sums 

 of money to the scientific institutions of Sweden, and, on his death, 

 bequeathed to them the remainder of his wealth. From him the 

 Royal Academy of Science received in all rather more than ^3,000, 

 in order to found a zoological station that should belong to the 

 Academy ; and Loven was requested to put this into effect. 

 Naturally, the Kristineberg locality was selected ; the land was 

 supplied by the trustees of the Royal and Hvitfeld Scholarship at 

 Gothenburg, and in July, 1877, a bargain was concluded with 

 Captain E. Bengtsson for his house, with boathouses, store-sheds, 

 quays, and half of a brewhouse. Nothing more was needed than to 

 take over the arrangements already made ; the station was at once 

 thrown open to researchers, and in August of the same year we find 

 five young students installed there, namely, T. Tullberg, F. R. 

 Kjellman, Hj. Theel, Chr. Aurivillius, and J. Brattstrom. 



Another factor aided in no small degree the first development of 

 the station. Sven Loven for many years had sought to get up 

 expeditions to study the animal life of the Swedish seas, and specially 

 to investigate the comparatively great depths, up to 400 fathoms, that 

 are to be found in the Skagerack. At the request of the Academy, 

 Parliament appropriated £^^S to this purpose, and during the 

 summers from 1877 to 1879 placed at its service the gunboat 

 ■" Gunhild," completely equipped and commissioned. The scientific 



