288 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [June, 



Experiments on Mantidse in Natal and Rhodesia (G. A. K. M.), 

 pp. 297-313. 



[Summary of these experiments] (E. B. P.), pp. 313-315. 



Conclusions from experiments on Mantidse (E. B. P.), pp. 315-319. 



"We may safely conclude that outside the Acrseinse, and doubt- 

 fully the Danainse, Mantidse devour butterflies very freely, 

 the species with warning colors as well as the others, and that 

 they are far more indiscriminating than the majority of insect- 

 eaters" (p. 316). "But Mr. Marshall's experiments yielded 

 plenty of evidence of the positive refusal and acceptance, as it 

 were, under protest of Acrseinse, so that there can be no doubt 

 of their distastefulness to this class of enemy" (p. 317). 



Despite this conclusion, the fact remains that these Mantidse ate 

 more Acrseinse than they rejected upon trial, and rejected no 

 Danainse. It should be noted, furthermore, that many of the 

 rejections occurred in the last day or two of the life of the 

 various individual mantids when no food whatever was taken. 



Experiments on spiders in the Karkloof (G. A. K. M.), pp. 319-322. 

 Results of experiments on spiders and the earlier experiments on 

 Mantidse : one probable meaning of tenacity of life in distasteful 

 insects (G. A. K. M.) pp. 322-325, (E. B. P.) pp. 325-328. 



"Experiments have convinced me that both spiders and mantises 

 have no appreciation of warning colors" (p. 322). "It is quite 

 probable .... that certain species of spiders, together with 

 mantides and other predaceous insects, will be found among the 

 chief, perhaps the chief, non-parasitic enemies of aposematic 

 insects" (p. 327). 

 Marshall, G. F. L., and de Niceville, L. The Butterflies of India, 

 Burmah and Ceylon, Calcutta, 1882-83. 



"Mr. de Niceville has experimented with the carnivorous Mantis 

 on many of the butterflies believed to be offensive to birds, and 

 he has found A. violce is the only butterfly which all the species 

 of Mtintis he has experimented with refuse to eat" (p. 318). 

 This is all there is on the experiments. 

 Meisner, Otto. [Food of an Ant-lion and a Clerid in confinement.] 

 Ent. Bl. Nurnberg, 5, Nr. 9, September 20, 1909, pp. 181 and 182. 



A larva of the ant-lion {Myrmeleon) which had been fed only 

 upon flies and caterpillars for a long time, afterwards rejected 

 ants. A Clerus formicarius ate every Adalia bipunctata which 

 got into its cage. 



*Patch, E. M. Predaceous Beetles and hibernating Insects. Bid. 

 148, Maine Agr. Exp. Sfa., November, 1907, pp. 273-276. 

 Pterostichus lucublandus was tested with numerous specimens of 

 Corimelama pidicaria, Cosmopepla carnifex, Lygus pratensis, 

 and one Serica vespertina, all of which were eaten. Staphy- 

 linidse were tested with the Corimelama, Lygus, Cosmopepla and 

 cutworms with same result. 



Peckham, E. G. [Food of spiders and ants in captivity.] Occas. 

 Papers Nat. Hist. Soc. Wis., I, 1889, pp. 107, 109, 110. 



