320 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [June, 



larvae placed upon the palm, one morning gave the alarm note, and 

 would not as usual jump upon my fingers. Four or five of the 

 grubs had stuck together so as to form a large mass of which he was 

 afraid!" 



"Moorhen chicks were at first afraid of the common yellow under- 

 wing moth and of the gamma moth, though both were eaten freely 

 after I had given them dead moths" (p. 50). 



"Even protective coloration is of little value if there is movement, 

 so sharp are the eyes of young birds. The caterpillar of the small 

 white butterfly (Pieris rapcc) on a nasturtium leaf, with which its 

 clear green color assimilated well, was picked off by a moorhen chick 

 the moment it moved its head. Recently hatched stick insects 

 (Diapheromera femorata) , which Prof. Poulton gave me, were snapped 

 off the lime leaves directly they moved" (p. 46). 



Prof. Morgan made many tests with bees and wasps, and in 

 summing them up says: "Much .... depends on the nature 

 of initial experience. A bird that has in early days seized a bee 

 with ill effects is shy for a long time, not only of bees, but of moths , 

 large flies, and beetles, while one which is so stung at a later stage is 

 made, perhaps, a little more cautious generally, but the main effect 

 is a particularized one concerning bees or the bee-like drone fly" 

 (p. 54). 



A series of experiments, of much the same nature as Morgan's, 

 but shorter, is described by L. W. Kline. 64 Chicks were tested with 

 earthworms, white boring grubs, cabbage worms, and bits of yellow 

 pine and starched muslin. "They rejected pine wood after a few 

 experiences at the age of three days, but three days later they ate 

 it again, while experience with muslin on the third day was lasting. 

 They were six days getting acquainted with earthworms and eight 

 days with canker [cabbage] worms" (p. 276). 



An excellent article, previously referred to, "The Food of Some 

 British Birds," 65 by Robert Newstead, besides presenting the largest 

 amount of detailed information on its subject, thus far brought 

 forward, contains a short account of an experimental feeding of 

 starlings. Certain food items were placed near a nest in which 

 young were being fed. One centipede (Geophilus longicornis) and 

 one earwig (Forficula auricularia) were refused, although each species 

 had previously been given to the nestlings by the parent birds. Only 



64 " Methods in Animal Psychology " [Chicks], Amer. Journ. of Psychol., 10, 

 1898-9, pp. 265-277. 



M Suppl. Journ. Bd. Agr. [London], XV, No. 9, December, 1908. 



