324 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [June,. 



Cnetkocampa pinivora, eggs and larvae; 

 Fidonia piniaria, larvae; 

 Euproctis chrysorrhoea, larvae; 

 Clisiocampa neustria, pupae and adults; 

 Liparis salicis, pupae and adults; 

 Pieris brassicce, pupae and adults; 

 Porthetria dispar, adults; 

 Nematus abietum, larvae; 

 Nematus salicis, larvae, 



were taken eagerly by captive birds, such as titmice, redstarts, 

 kinglets, nuthatches, etc. Although the list includes hairy larvae,, 

 some with urticating hairs, and sawfly larvae which other experi- 

 menters state that birds usually reject, Dr. Rorig does not mention 

 any refusals. We have already quoted his notes on the accept- 

 ance of Pieris brassicce, which has been classed as distasteful. 

 Dr. Rorig's birds also ate plant-lice, Aradus cinnamomeus, Cecidomyia 

 saliciperda, Retinia buoliana, R. turionana, Phyllopertha horticola, and 

 Scolytidce. 



We may note here also the experiment 74 of Dr. Gunther in feeding 

 Meloidae to chickens. He fed the fowls from 1 to 5 grams of Can- 

 tharus daily, until a total of 28, 28, 40.5 and 80.5 g. of the material, 

 was taken by four chickens respectively. One of the birds which 

 ate 28 g. showed symptoms of poisoning; the others remained 

 healthy. Significant amounts of cantharidin were recovered from 

 the bodies of these birds,, and even from eggs laid by them. 



Another German experiment but slightly related to the theory 

 of protective adaptations is recorded 75 by Alexander Bau. The 

 titmice, Parus major and P. communis, accepted in confinement 

 eggs of Liparis monacha, Porthetria dispar, Orgyia spp., and Clisio- 

 campa neustria (p. 69). 



Brief mention should be made of the following: 



*te ■ 



[Donisthorpe, H.] [Experiments with Birds.] Proc. Ent. Soc„ 

 Lond., 1901, p. xiii. 

 Quoted by Rev. Canon Fowler, to the effect that Clythra quadri- 

 punctata, Gonioctena rufipes, and species of Lina were rejected 

 by several species of British and foreign birds in the London 

 Zoological Gardens. All of these beetles were eat^n by a 

 racket-tailed drongo. 



Longstaff, G. B. Experimental evidence as to the Palatabilitv 

 of Butterflies. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1908, pp. 629-631. 



74 Tierdrztliches Zentralbl, 34, Nr. 18, June 20, 1911, S. 273-276. 



' Nutzen und Schaden tlurch die Vogel; Vogelschutz." In Nalurgeschichte 

 der Deutschen Vogel, by C. G. Friderich, Stuttgart, 1905, pp. 60-76. 



