1911.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 27 



and other Umbelliferse ; Castelleia parviflora and Penstemon glaber, 

 Heuchera and Mitella and other Saxif ragaceee ; the larkspurs Del- 

 phinium menziesi and bicolor; Eriogonums and various species of 

 the Compositse. 



In the canyons containing streams of water occurs a comparative 

 wealth of plants not found elsewhere. Of trees and shrubs growing 

 along the stream margins are various species of willow, the quaking 

 aspen, the cottonwood, the birch (Betula occidentalis) , the service-berry 

 or june-berry (Amelanchier alnifolia), the wild or choke-cherry (Prunus 

 demissa), haws (Crakegus rivularis), the kinnikinnic (Cornus stoloni- 

 jera), the elder (Sambucus racemosa), the maple (Acer glabrum), the 

 sumac or " squaw-berry " (Rhus aromatica) and the wild rose (Rosa 

 calif omica and nutkana). In the richer soil of canyons and foot-hills 

 the scrub-oak (Quercus unduloius) grows in dense patches. As an 

 undergrowth over the sides of the canyons the box (Pachystima 

 myrsinites) and Oregon grape are common, while various species of 

 wild-currant (Ribes), Ceanothus velutinus and other shrubby plants 

 often grow thickly. Of common herbaceous plants growing in favor- 

 able places and season may be mentioned such forms as Erythronium 

 grandiflorum, Fritillaria pudica, Smilacina amplexicaulis and other 

 Liliales; Claytonia, Geranium richardsoni, Wyethia amplexicaulis, 

 Mimulus luteus, Mentha and other Labiatae, Clematis, Aquilegia and 

 others. 



In this ill-favored region large game was not relatively abundant, 

 and the Gosiutes could not be primarily a hunting tribe. They seem 

 to have placed no regular dependence upon forms larger than the 

 abundant hare or "jack-rabbit," although when opportunity was 

 propitious they sometimes undertook the securing of antelope and 

 deer. At one side of Mill Creek Canyon, which is in the Wahsatch 

 Mountains and opens into the Salt Lake Valley, there is a mountain 

 valley which, broad and open at its upper part, narrows toward the 

 canyon into a vertically-sided gorge which terminates abruptly at a 

 precipice of great height. Occasionally the Gosiutes resorted to this 

 richer region beyond their proper territory, and at opportune times 

 surrounding deer and antelope would drive them down the valley to 

 the gorge, where the terrified animals, finding retreat impossible, 

 leaped over the precipice to their deaths. From this the Mill Creek 

 Canyon is known to the Gosiute as Tingoup, which means rock or 

 "precipice trap." Some of the older men also tell of a great "trap" 

 artificially constructed in the Cedar Mountains and formerly kept in 

 repair from year to year. This was a great run of V-shape, the sides 



