36 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Feb., 



inside and outside with the gum of the nut-pine. A smooth, glasslike 

 inner surface was often supplied to these vessels, as also and more 

 especially to earthen dishes, by coating them with a mucilage obtained 

 from Malvastrum munroanum, koi'-no-kilmp. This was secured by 

 mashing or mincing the stems and leaves of the plant in water or simply 

 by drawing it with pressure across the surface to be coated. 



Bows were most commonly made from the wood of the mountain 

 mahogany (Cercocarpus ledijolius), tu'-nump, and arrows from the 

 wood of the service-berry. The wood of the kinnikinnic was sometimes 

 used for the frame-work of snow-shoes. 



The winter lodges commonly were made almost entirely from the 

 cedar, wa'-pi. The main structure was built in the usual shape of 

 logs and poles of this plant, the whole being thatched with the smaller 

 branches and the bark, the latter being specifically termed i'-na-wa- 

 tsip. For a covering over the ground within the lodges, the bark and 

 finer branches of the cedar or grasses were used. It was, no doubt, 

 Gosiute lodges that Capt. Stansbury saw in 1849 when travelling 

 through Skull Valley on the west side of the Great Salt Lake. He 

 writes : "In a nook of the mountains, some Indian lodges were seen, 

 which had apparently been finished but a short time. They were 

 constructed in the usual form of cedar poles and logs of considerable 

 size, thatched with bark and branches, and were quite warm and 

 comfortable. The odor of the cedar was sweet and refreshing." 2 



Originally the wood of the sage-brush (Artemisia tridentata), po'-ho-pi, 

 was largely used for securing fire by means of friction when it was 

 available, which was the rule. For the same purpose, among others, 

 the dried roots of the following were used: cedar (wa'-pi), mountain 

 mahogany (tu'-nump) and Shepherdia. 



The Gosiutes obtained empirically considerable knowledge con- 

 cerning the medicinal properties of the plants of this region that was 

 invaluable to them. It may be noted that most of the valuable reme- 

 dies in our own Pharmacopoeia also were first found out and used 

 empirically. Hence it is not so surprising to find that many of the 

 remedies used by the Gosiutes are very closely related to some of those 

 which we have used for the same purposes. But, naturally, super- 

 stition among these Indians played a large part, and we find them 

 often going through a procedure or applying a treatment the value of 

 which must be regarded as wholly fictitious. 



Superstitious beliefs and practices seem to have prevailed especially 



3 Expedition to the Great Salt Lake, p. 171. 



