44 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Feb., 



modification of o'-pi, meaning wood, tree or plant, rather than the 

 pure suffix up. 



The regular suffix is mostly added to verbs, though it may also under 

 certain conditions be added to nouns. It is also added to verbs to 

 indicate completion of an action forming one past tense or giving a 

 participial effect. Examples : 



ti'-kup, food. From di'-ka-kin, to eat, + tip. 



pa' -gin-xlp, cloud. From pa' -gin, to make or produce water, + up. 



wai'-up, charcoal. From wai'-hin, to burn, + tip. 



go' -up, enclosure, corral, trap, snare, etc. From go, a root in its most 



frequent sense meaning to surround or to enclose, + up. 

 da'-pi-up, socks, hose. From da'-pi, foot, + up. 



5. ump. Composed of the possessive um(m) + up{p). The pos- 

 sessive would seem to belong primarily to a preceding noun, but the 

 combination has acquired the character of a largely integral suffix 

 with a definite and peculiar force. It conveys usually the idea of a 

 material used for some purpose. It occurs frequently in the names 

 of plants or of plant products used for food. In some plant names, 

 etc., it is likely the representative of the combination urn + ba, 

 meaning seed, or + bi, rather than of the combination first indicated 

 above. Examples : 



tsi'-timp, rose berry. From tsi'-o-pi, the rose (i. e., the plant), + ump; 



i. e., the part of the plant used for food, the fruit. 

 po'-gump, currant (the berry). 



an'-ka-ti-wi-ump, the sumac berries (fruit of Rhus), 

 so'-ko-ri-ump, the Oregon grape (the entire plant. From so'-ko-ri, 



deer, -f- ump, the plant serving as food for the deer. 

 wi'-ump, haws. 



6. na. Used mostly as a prefix to designate a support, source, 

 means or instrument. Examples : 



na'-dzi-ta, cane, walking-stick or staff. From na + dsi'-ta, a stick or 



rod for thrusting, etc. 

 na'-tse-ya, handle (as of a tea-cup). From na + tse'-ya, to carry. 

 na'-gwa-na, perfume. From na + gwa'-na-kin, to give out a smell or 



odor. 

 na'-di-ko. bait. From na + di'-ka-kin, to eat, + go, to enclose, to 



snare. 

 na'-dsa-to-wi, shell thrower (of a gun). From na + dsa'-to, to draw 



or jerk out, + wi, iron or thing of iron. 



