1911.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 471 



Cockerell from the Florissant shale, but the fragment obtained 

 leaves the generic reference in doubt. 



Omphalina cuprea Rafinesque. 



Helix fuliginosa Griffith, of Binney and other authors. 



The tail is flattened, the caudal pore a small slit not reaching the 

 end, as figured for 0. friabilis from San Marcos. The mantle over 

 the lung has some irregular scattered spots and some of the branches 

 of the vena cava are diffusely pigmented in places. The pulmonary 

 vein and its branches are not pigmented. The collar usually has a 

 black patch or several spots. Specimens from many localities 

 examined. 



In two examples of 0. c. polita from Cades Cove I found a 

 few spots near the branches of vena cava and on the collar in one, 

 the other being without pigment spots. 



The genitalia of an individual from York Furnace, Pa., have been 

 figured in these Proceedings for 1894, p. 14, PI. I, fig. 5. 



In other specimens opened the penis and epiphallus are less 

 swollen, but otherwise similar. The base of the vagina is swollen 

 and white, not chocolate-colored, as in the Arkansan form. The 

 retractor muscle of the penis is rather short. The epiphallus arises 

 near the end of the penis, but not quite so near as in 0. kopnodes. 



I have examined several radulse. One from Emporium, Cameron 

 County, Pa., has 54, 5, 1, 5, 54 teeth (PI. XXXVIII, fig. 1), the 

 central and laterals with side cutting points. The decrease of the 

 marginals to the outer edge is very gradual, as usual. 



Another radula from Pennsylvania has 45, 5, 1, 5, 45 teeth. Binney 

 found 60, 4, 1, 4, 60 teeth in one, 57, 1, 57 in another radula. 



The number of teeth and of laterals is variable in different colonies, 

 but apparently neither reaches the number found in 0. kopnodes. 

 The ectocones are a little better developed than in 0. friabilis, but 

 it is doubtful whether some radulse could be distinguished. 



Rafinesque's description is as follows: "Omphalina, differs from 

 Helix by no lips, but an umbilic. 0. cuprea, suboval, four spires, 

 smooth, brittle, diaphanous, coppery, shining, opening very large. 

 In Kentucky." While this definition leaves much to be desired, 

 it is excellent as far as it goes. It will apply to no other Kentucky 

 shell, to my knowledge. The adjective "coppery" is especially 

 good. Binney years ago recognized cuprea as identical with fuli- 

 ginosa, but he continued to use the later name, either being opposed 

 to change or perhaps considering Rafinesque an outlaw, undeserving 

 of recognition. This view seems to have been prevalent with the 

 early American conchologists. 



