538 



PROCEEDINGS OF THP; ACADEMY OF 



[Nov., 



stranded on the shore, the fronds are found to be twenty or twenty- 

 five feet long or even more, including six or eight feet of stipe. Along 

 the rocky shores everywhere towards the head of the bay, and even 

 on the clay flats, attached to stones and pebbles, the Viva enter o- 

 morpha Le Jolis was seen growing abundantly. When I add that 

 the shores of the point were covered with pieces of drift wood of all 

 sizes so thickly that we were not in need of other fuel for our camp 

 during our stay there, and that various species of ducks, snipe and 

 other water birds frequently traversed the surface, while occasional 

 bear and caribou came close up to our camp across the flats, I have 



¥\\t. 1. — Ripples of deposition. 



enumerated nearly all the factors concerned in the formation of the 

 markings noted. 



The Ripple-marks. — The study of recent ripple-marks seems to 

 have been largely confined to wind ripples on sandy surfaces and 

 to current ripples in channels and along the shore. A study of 

 these ripples formed along the strand and on the clay flats at Dove 

 Point discloses at once the fact that they are of two kinds; and 

 these two kinds are formed at the sandy strand and on the clay 

 fiats, respectively. They are, on the shore, ripples of deposition 

 (mainly), and on the clay flats they are ripples of erosion. 



