THE PROGRESS OF SCIENCE. 



109 



here is that devoted to psychology, a 

 science intermediate, in its present state 

 of development, between the exact sci- 

 ences and those subjects in which indi- 

 vidual opinions are more prominent than 

 ascertained facts. About three hundred 

 students of psychology attended the 

 fourth international congress, which met 

 in seven sections, namely: (1) Psychol- 

 ogy in its relation to anatomy and phys- 

 iology; (2) Introspective psychology in 

 its relation to philosophy; (3) Experi- 

 mental psychology and psychophysics ; 

 (4) Pathological psychology and psy- 

 chiatry; (5) Psychology of hypnotism 

 and related phenomena; (6) Social and 

 criminal psychology, and (7) Compara- 

 tive psychology and anthropology. 



Among the subjects discussed by the 

 Psychological Congress was the estab- 

 lishment at Paris of a 'Psychical Insti- 

 tute' under the auspices of an interna- 

 tional society. This Institute proposes 

 to do for 'psychics' what the Pasteur In- 

 stitute does for biology and pathology. 

 According to M. Janet, its aims are: 



(1) To collect in a library and museum 

 all books, works, publications, appara- 

 tus, etc., relating to psychical science; 



(2) To place at the disposal of research- 

 ers, either as gifts or as loans, accord- 

 ing to circumstances, such books and 

 instruments necessary for their studies 

 as the Institute may be able to acquire; 



(3) To supply assistance to any labora- 

 tory or to any investigators, working 

 singly or unitedly, who can snow that 

 they require that assistance for a publi- 

 cation or for a research of recognized 

 interest; (4) To encourage study and 

 research with regard to such phenomena 

 as may be considered of sufficient im- 

 portance; (5) To organize lectures and 

 courses of instruction upon the differ- 

 ent branches of psychical science; (6) 

 To organize, as far as means will allow, 

 permanent laboratories and a clinic, 

 where such researches as may be con- 

 sidered desirable will be pursued by 

 certain of the members; (7) To publish 

 the 'Annales de l'lnstitut Psychique In- 

 ternational de Paris,' which will com- 



prise a summary of the work in which 

 members of the Institute have taken 

 part and which may be of a character 

 to contribute to the progress of the 

 science. The Institute aims to cover 

 the whole field of psychology, but it ap- 

 pears from the discussions and from 

 those who are interested in the move- 

 ment that it will favor those more or 

 less occult phenomena which go under 

 the name 'psychical.' Thus the Ameri- 

 can members of the committee are Prof. 

 J. Mark Baldwin, Prof. J. H. Gore 

 and Mr. Elmer Gates, which is as if the 

 committee on a pathological institute 

 consisted of one physician, a lawyer in- 

 terested in homeopathy and a faith 

 curist. 



The experiment demonstrating the 

 relation of mosquitoes to malarial fever, 

 undertaken under the auspices of the 

 London School of Tropical Medicine, has 

 apparently been successful. Its some- 

 what dramatic character and wide ad- 

 vertisement in the daily papers will 

 prove of benefit both in leading people 

 to take precautions to avoid infection 

 by mosquitoes and in leading to in- 

 creased appreciation of the importance 

 of experiments in medicine. Drs. Sam- 

 bon and Low, who have been living in 

 a hut in one of the most malarial dis- 

 tricts of Italy since last June, drinking 

 the water, exposed to the night air 

 and taking no quinine, have so far been 

 entirely free from malaria. The con- 

 verse of the experiment has been 

 equally successful. Dr. Patrick Man- 

 son's son, who had never suffered from 

 malaria, allowed mmself to be bitten in 

 London on three occasions by mosqui- 

 toes fed in Rome on patients suffering 

 from malaria. He suffered an attack of 

 fever and the tertian parasites were 

 found in his blood. Americans, and es- 

 pecially readers of this journal, may 

 be interested to learn that the earliest 

 article on the relation of mosquitos to 

 malaria was published in the Popular 

 Science Monthly for September, 1883. 

 Prof. A. F. King, still living in Wash- 

 ington, contributed an article entitled 



