352 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



that have not been provided out of the rates and have hitherto been 

 known as ' voluntary schools. ' In future the rate-provided schools will 

 be supplied with a body of managers, four of whom will be appointed 

 by the local education authority and two by the minor local authority 

 (such as the parish council), in whose area the school is situated. 

 On the other hand, in the case of the non-provided or 'voluntary 

 schools,' the managing body will consist of four managers, appointed 

 as heretofore by the denomination to which the school belongs and 

 of two managers appointed, as to one by the local educational authority 

 and as to another by the 'minor local authority,' such as the parish 

 council of the parish in which the school is situated. Thus, while for 

 the first time publicly elected persons are included in the managing 

 bodies of the voluntary schools, yet the private and original or founda- 

 tion managers still retain the controlling voice in all matters of re- 

 ligion, so that there can be no possibility of a change in the denomina- 

 tional character of the school. This was mere justice, since many 

 of these schools have been Church of England, or Wesleyan, or Eoman 

 Catholic, or Jewish, as the case may be, for nearly a century. The 

 local education authority has, however, complete control over secular 

 education in these schools. The managers must carry out all its 

 directions as to secular instruction, including any directions with 

 respect to the number and educational qualifications of the teachers 

 to be employed for such instruction, and for the dismissal of any 

 teacher on educational grounds. The local education authority has 

 power to inspect the school, and its consent is required, in relation to 

 the appointment and dismissal of teachers; but an appointment by 

 the managers can only be objected to on educational grounds, while 

 a teacher can be dismissed without the consent of the local educational 

 authority, on grounds connected with the giving of religious instruc- 

 tion in the school. The managers of the voluntary school must pro- 

 vide the schoolhouse free of any charge and keep it in good repair 

 subject to fair wear and tear in the course of its use as a public ele- 

 mentary school. Such wear and tear has to be made good by the 

 local educational authority. The religious instruction given in a 

 voluntary school shall be in accordance with the provisions (if any) 

 of the trust-deed on the subject and shall be under the control of the 

 managers with an appeal to the superior denominational authority if 

 such appeal is provided for by the trust deed. Subject as above the 

 local education authority has to maintain and keep efficient all public 

 elementary schools within their area which are necessary (whether 

 'voluntary schools' or rate-provided schools) and has the control of all 

 expenditure required for that purpose. The provision of new schools, a 

 different system of government grants — paid, not to the managers, but 



