RESEARCH IN MEDICINE 213 



tiation into industrial, commercial and domestic activites, of which he 

 is a member. 



If I am right concerning the importance of these various influences 

 it would appear safe to conclude that progress in medicine may be 

 expected in the future, as in the past fifty years, through the opportuni- 

 ties afforded the well-trained individual in well-equipped and well-organ- 

 ized laboratories, through the cultivation of the methods of auxiliary 

 sciences and through the ideal of social service. And here I may say 

 that in using the term "laboratory" I do not limit the term to the 

 ordinary sense, b^it include the idea of research work in the hospital. 

 One of the great influences of the application of the laboratory idea to 

 medicine has been the recognition of the principle that hospitals should 

 be utilized not only for the care of the sick, which is the first and most 

 important function of a hospital, but for purposes of teaching and in- 

 vestigation as well. With such a conception, a hospital becomes the 

 laboratory of the science of clinical medicine and in it the clinician as 

 an investigator studies disease by the same exact methods as are utilized 

 in any other laboratory. 



If, then, the laboratory and the hospital are the tangible means of 

 progress in medicine which our universities offer, how may research in 

 the university be best served and what advantage does the university 

 gain by fostering research ? 



By limiting the scope of this discussion to the university I do not 

 wish it to be thought that I desire to minimize the importance of the 

 work done by independent institutions for research or by state and city 

 laboratories. The important work done by the Eockefeller Institute for 

 Medical Eesearch, for example, has placed this institution in one group 

 with the Pasteur Institute, Koch's Institute in Berlin, Ehrlich's Insti- 

 tute in Frankfort and the Imperial Institute for Experimental Medi- 

 cine in St. Petersburg. The character of its present staff, including as 

 it does, your former professor of physiology, promises as great work for 

 the future as has been accomplished in the past. Likewise, the Memorial 

 Institute for Infectious Diseases in Chicago and the Henry Phipps 

 Institute of Philadelphia are doing valuable work in the study of the 

 diseases for the investigation of which they were founded. Such insti- 

 tutions point the lesson of the economic importance of research, which, 

 if fully grasped by the public, would guarantee the support of inde- 

 pendent institutions in every large center or wherever special facilities 

 for the study of particular diseases could be found. Moreover, all these 

 institutions have recognized the necessity of an intimate connection with 

 a hospital in order to render their investigations most effective. 



So also laboratories of state or city departments of health as of the 

 state of Massachusetts and the state and city of New York and the 

 Hygienic Laboratory of the Public Health and Marine Hospital Service, 



