RESEARCH IN MEDICINE 225 



problems in the broadest way and of assuring the best utilization of 

 endowment and the greatest good for the greatest number. 



This discussion might be lengthened by the presentation of other 

 phases of the subject of medical research, but I may well end with Mr. 

 Eliot's all-inclusive characterization : 



Medical research habitually strives to arrive at something beyond abstract 

 truth. It seeks to promote public and private safety and happiness, and the 

 material welfare of society. Its devotees have in mind the discovery of means of 

 remedying misery or warding off calamity; and they know that whatever eon- 

 tributes to health or longevity in any community or nation contributes to its 

 industrial prosperity; so that they are justified in hoping for results from their 

 work which will promote human welfare. 



If my presentation of the subject of research in medicine, which now 

 comes to its close, has any value it lies in an attempt to demonstrate 

 two things : ( 1 ) That, wonderful as were the isolated achievements of 

 the great discoverers in medicine in the early centuries, the great con- 

 tinuous advance in medicine during the past eighty years resulted from 

 organized laboratory effort based on the principle of exact experimental 

 methods, and (2) that it is the duty of the university so to organize its 

 laboratories and hospital that this advance of medicine by research may 

 continue, side by side with teaching, as a university function of benefit 

 to student and faculty, as well as to the state and the general public 

 welfare, and thus as an aid to the advancement of civilization. 



BIBLIOGEAPHY 



The many and varied sources of the material presented in these lectures it 

 would be difficult to set down. The following list represents the more important 

 books, addresses and other publications used as constant guides in the epitomiza- 

 tion of various eras, or for the purpose of direct or indirect quotation. 



Books 



Cabot, E. C. Social Service and the Art of Healing. 

 Cambridge Modern History. The. Vols. X. and XII. 

 Darmstaedter, L., and DuBois-Beymond, E. 4,000 Jahre Pionier — Arbeit in 



den exakten Wissenschaften. 

 Draper, J. W. History of the Conflict between Eeligion and Science. 

 Flexxer, A. Medical Education in the United States — Bulletin No. 4 of the 



Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching. 

 Foster, M. Masters of Medicine — Claude Bernard. 

 Gortox, D. A. The History of Medicine. 

 Harbison, F. The Meaning of History. 



Herter, C. A. The Influence of Pasteur on Medical Science. 

 Lawrence, E. M. Primitive Psycho-Therapy and Quackery. 

 MacFie, E. C. The Eomance of Medicine. 



Merz, J. T. History of European Thought in the Nineteenth Century. 

 Mumford, J. G. Surgical Memoirs. 

 Mum ford. J. G. A Narrative of Medicine in America. 

 Neuberger, M. History of Medicine. 



VOL. LXXXI. — 16. 



