RACE DIFFERENCES. 225 



the respectfulness which the Filipinos manifested towards the Span- 

 iards did not proceed from self-depreciation, but was simply dictated 

 by fear and self-interest. By fear, because they saw in the Spaniard 

 their lord and master who oppressed them arbitrarily even if with good 

 intentions; by self-interest, because they had observed that his pride 

 of race lays the European open to flattery and that they could get large 

 concessions from him by a little subserviency. The Filipinos do not, 

 therefore, have any real respect for the European, but cringe and bow 

 to him from interested motives alone. Behind his back they laugh at 

 him, ridicule his presumption and regard themselves as in reality the 

 shrewder of the two races. Because the Spaniards never divined the 

 real sentiments of the Filipinos towards themselves, young Eizal felt 

 justified in regarding them as inferior in intelligence to his own coun- 

 trymen. But in later years he found it necessary to change this false 

 impression of his youth, especially as he had found by his own per- 

 sonal experience how easy it is to draw mistaken conclusions about 

 people of a different race from one's own. "Whenever/' he used to say, 

 "I came upon condemnation of my people by Europeans, either in con- 

 versation or in books, I recalled those foolish ideas of my youth, my 

 indignation cooled, and I could smile and quote the French proverb 

 'tout comprendre c'est tout pardonner/" 



Dr. Bizal's sojourn in Spain opened to him a new world. His intel- 

 lectual horizon began to widen with his new experiences. New ideas 

 thronged in upon him. He came from a land which was the very home 

 of bigotry, where the Spanish friar, the Spanish official and the Spanish 

 soldier governed with absolute sway. But in Madrid he found the 

 exact opposite of this repression. Free thinkers and atheists spoke 

 freely, in disparaging terms, of religion and the church; the authority 

 of the government he found to be at a minimum, while he not only 

 saw liberals contending with the clerical party but he beheld with 

 astonishment republicans and Carlists openly promoting the develop- 

 ment of their political ideas. 



Still greater was the influence upon him of his residence in France, 

 Germany and England. In those countries he enlarged his scientific 

 information, or it would be better, perhaps, to say that there the spirit 

 of modern philology was revealed to him, and there he learned the 

 meaning of the word ethnology. 



The personal influence of the late Dr. Bost, of London, was most 

 marked in the philological training of Dr. Eizal. His teachings and the 

 study of the works of W. v. Humboldt, Jacquet and Professor H. Kern 

 opened a new world for the Filipino scholar. He formed a plan to write 

 a work upon the Tagalog verb, which he afterwards modified and, while 

 in exile in Dapitan in Mindanao, he began to write a Tagalog grammar 



VOL. LXI. — 15. 



