2 3 o POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



GOLD MINING IN KLONDIKE.* 



By Professor HENRY A. MIERS, D.Sc, F.R. S., 



OXFORD UNIVERSITY. 



MY visit to Klondike took place at the end of August, 1901, at a 

 very interesting time, and under most favorable conditions. 

 The journey was made at the invitation of the Hon. Clifford Sifton, 

 Canadian Minister of the Interior, and in company with Professor 

 Coleman, of Toronto. Mr. Sifton provided us with a most efficient 

 military escort in the person of Captain Strickland of the Northwest 

 Mounted Police, who possesses an intimate knowledge of the far 

 Northwestern Territory and its inhabitants. Consequently, we were 

 able in a short visit to see a great deal and to become acquainted with 

 the leading features of the mining industry. 



The time was particularly interesting, because in 1901 the condi- 

 tions of life were still to a large extent those of a young mining camp, 

 but were undergoing rapid transformation into the social and polit- 

 ical conditions of an organized and civilized community. 



Access to Klondike is now practically confined to a single route 

 available for the ordinary traveler. It is true that a considerable 

 amount of merchandise is taken in by the sea and river route which 

 consists of a voyage (from Seattle) of 2,700 miles by sea to St. 

 Michaels at the mouth of the Yukon, followed by a voyage of 1,370 

 miles up that mighty river to Dawson City — a total of about 4,000 

 miles. But the ordinary passenger route is the following: — a sea 

 voyage of 900 miles, up the quiet waters that lie between the islands 

 and the mainland, from Vancouver to the little American port of 

 Skagway; a journey of 112 miles across the coast range, by the newly 

 constructed White Pass and Yukon railway, to the little town of White 

 Horse on the Yukon ; and a voyage of 450 miles down the Yukon from 

 White Horse to Dawson City in a stern- wheel steamer — a journey of 

 only 1,460 miles in all. By this route the sea voyage occupies from 

 three to five days, the railway journey about twelve hours, and the 

 river voyage from two to three days. 



The railway climbs the icy precipices of the coast range, and 



crosses into Canadian territory at the summit of the famous White 



Pass which earned so unenviable a reputation as the scene of disasters 



and deaths during the great rush into the country in the winter of 



* Read before the Royal Institution of Great Britain, on February 28, 1902. 



