MENTAL AND MORAL HEREDITY IN ROYALTY. 377 



have shown such tendency in a marked degree, but it is that at each 

 step going back, the pedigree is what we should expect. 



There are 118 individuals in this group, which may be considered 

 as a region of the entire chart. It will be seen, by referring to a chart 

 of this house, that the main tap roots of this stock have been from 

 Ernst, the Pious, Brunswick Wolfenbruttel, Saxe-Coburg, Saxe-Sall- 

 feld, and other branches of the Saxe houses. Ernst 'The Pious/ him- 

 self, who appears many times in the pedigree, was a man of wisdom, 

 virtue and marked religious bent; the Brunswick family was noted 

 for its strong literary taste, as will be shown more in detail later, and 

 all marriages with the Saxe houses can be seen to have kept alive those 

 same qualities as the salient characteristics of the breed. 



We see that after two hundred and fifty years, the same traits 

 exist because there has never been a time when blood of another sort 

 was introduced to contaminate or dilute it. Everywhere we notice 

 that love of ideas and refinement of taste have been the object sought 

 after, rather than the sway of power or the obtainance of military 

 fame. There has not been one soldier of sufficient renown to appear 

 in any of the smaller biographical dictionaries like Lippincott's or 

 Pose's. One only was what may be called a successful general, but 

 his career is described solely in the larger German dictionary. 



From Ernst, the Pious (1601-1675), to Frederick IV. (1774- 

 1793) the branch of Gotha contains 64 names. The branch of Coburg 

 from John Ernst (sixteenth century) to Albert, consort of Queen 

 Victoria (1819-1861) contains 118 names. There is considerable 

 intermarriage, so that we find some persons repeated several times. 

 Thus the actual number of individuals is less than this, still the value 

 scientifically is 64 -[-118 or 182. Although in the furthest degree of 

 remoteness we deal with sixty-four different tap roots, owing to inter- 

 marriages there are only twenty-one family names. Among these 

 sixty-four, we find the following families composing the stock : 



Saxe (different branches) twenty-one times. That is, the breed 

 was perpetuated to the extent of about a third from itself. We find 

 the name of Brunswick seven times, Mecklenburg six, Anhalt five, 

 Holstein four, Hesse three, Eeuss two, Solms two, Schwartzburg two, 

 Baden, Bentheim, Castell, Erbach, Hohenlohe, Logwenstein, Cet- 

 linger, Sayn, Stolberg, Waldeck and Zinzendorf each one. Among all 

 these 182 related persons, there is not a single genius or individual 

 worthy of grade 9 or 10 for intellect. The only two in 8 are 

 Ernst II., of Gotha (died in 1801), who was a distinguished 

 astronomer, and Louis Dorothea of Saxe-Meiningen (8) who cor- 

 responded with Voltaire, and was called the 'German Minerva.' She 

 was the mother of Ernst II., the astronomer. Also there is not a fool, 

 imbecile or moral degenerate among them all as far as is known. 



