MENTAL AND MORAL HEREDITY IN ROYALTY. 451 



was his own cousin and by the Orange branch. Thus now this great 

 stock is repeated four times in the pedigree. Besides this we have four 

 other great grandparents of high standing. 

 Thus the pedigree stands for intellect : 



o 00 o o 



*% H O *1 --I 



js p _. g> 50 



a bJ5 o a 



(D CD *^ <D CD 



(10) (6) (7) (10) (7) (10) (7) (8) 



13) (8) { 4) 



kV ^) 



It will be noticed that only two are below mediocrity. From this 

 remarkable union were produced, out of ten children, five of the most 

 illustrious persons contained in this study. These were Frederick the 

 Great (10). Henry, his almost equally great brother* (9). Charlotte, 

 Duchess of Brunswick (8), had a remarkable mind, literary tastes and 

 fine character. Wraxall said of her that he scarcely ever met a woman 

 in any walk of life who possessed an understanding more enlarged and 

 cultivated. Amelia (9), 'endowments of mind said to have been 

 extraordinary,' had a remarkable talent for musicf and Louisa Ulrica, 

 Queen of Sweden (10), was called the ' Minerva of the North.' The 

 other five included Frederica Sophia, of Baireuth, whose memoirs are 

 considered very interesting. These other grades are 7, 5, 5, 3. 



Frederick the Great also had a number of nephews and one niece 

 who were very richly endowed mentally. As some of these would escape 

 mention elsewhere they are here enumerated: 



1. Gustavus II. of Sweden (9). 



2. Sophia Albertina, his sister (8). 



3. Augustus Frederick of Prussia (8) ; reputed the first artillery officer in 

 the Prussian army. 



4. Louis, a son of Ferdinand of Prussia (8) ; distinguished talents. 



5. Amelia Duchess of Saxe-Weimar (9); the distinguished patron of genius, 

 of Wieland, Herder, Goethe, etc. 



6. Charles William Ferdinand (8) of Brunswick; celebrated commander.'* 



7. William Adolphus (8) of Brunswick; generally brilliant, and an author. 



Such a union of high talents, found here about Frederick the 

 Great, is certainly remarkable and bears out Galton's idea that of all 

 great men, the greatest commanders have the greatest number of 

 eminent relations. 



Frederick the Great had in the first degree of relationship, in 

 spite of having no direct descendants, one in 10, two in 9 and one in 

 8. In second degree two in 9, five in 8. Three of his great- 



* Lippincott. 



t Wraxall, 'Berlin Mem.,' Vol. I., pp. 209, 294. 



