7 he Scottish Naturalist. 19 



ment in favour of imigration. I think, however, that taken in 

 connection with the next point, it may equally serve to show 

 that 1872, through some obscure meteorological cause, has 

 been a favourable year for the development of these species, 

 as it certainly has for many larvae. 



Thirdly, the simultaneous appearance of specimens through- 

 out the country, preceeded here and there by a few stragglers. 

 This is (as Mr. Barrett remarks) just what occurs with insects 

 emerging from the pupae. If there had been an emigration from 

 Scandinavia, there would probably have been more specimens 

 noticed on the east coast, or at anyrate specimens seen there a 

 few days earlier than inland, but instead of that we find 

 specimens recorded as taken in far inland localities on the 

 same days (or even a day or two earlier) as those on the coast. 

 The earlier date of inland specimens may be accounted for by 

 the fact of, that, at that season, there is a greater amount of heat 

 inland than on the coast, where the influence of the sea lowers 

 the temperature. 



Fourthly, the (already alluded to) fine condition of many 

 specimens seems almost sufficient proof of a British origin. 

 It is, one would think, impossible that a butterfly could cross 

 300 miles of sea, even under the most favourable circumstances, 

 without showing some signs of wear and tear, and yet if we 

 accept the immigration theory, we have examples utterly unworn 

 by the long journey. 



A word or two in conclusion regarding the two forms of 

 Vanessa Antiopa. The white-bordered one is the alpine and 

 northern race, and is what should and does occur in Scotland, 

 and generally in England. The yellow-bordered form is the 

 southern one, and it we find occurring occasionally in England, 

 showing the junction of the districts inhabited by the two 

 forms. Holland appears to be another country where the two 

 districts meet. In England V. Antiopa has not occurred most 

 commonly in the south, but rather towards the north. If it 

 occurred more commonly in the south, I should expect the 

 yellow-bordered form to be the more common one there. Its 

 scarcity implies, I think, an absence of emigration tendencies 



