1 66 The Scottish Naturalist. 



Z. crystallinus Mull. — Rather common throughout the 

 country, among dead leaves in woods, and under stones in more 

 open damp places. I have found it in abundance and very 

 fine under stones in a wet meadow by the side of the Tay, near 

 Perth. 



Z.fulvus Mull. — Throughout, but never abundant; among 

 dead leaves and on stones in woods. 



Helix aspersa Mull. — Throughout, but, especially in the north, 

 chiefly near the sea ; inland it is rare and local. In dry weather 

 it hides in holes in walls, but after rain comes out in great 

 numbers. The var. exalbida occurs on the sea coast. 



H. arbustorum L. — Not uncommon throughout Scotland, but 

 rather local, frequenting damp rocks and damp shady hedge 

 banks. It is almost the only Helix that is to be found on the 

 high mountains, where it is not uncommon and attains an 

 elevation of at least 3000 feet. I have found the va*. flavescens 

 near the sea in Fife ; the var. alpesiris occurs (but rarely) in 

 several parts of Perthshire and Aberdeenshire ; and the var. 

 fusca in Shetland. 



H nemoralis L. — Is a very common species everywhere. 

 The varr. hortensis, hybrida and major, all occur, the first as 

 common as the type, the other two less commonly. . The var. 

 minor is recorded by Jeffreys from Shetland and Ross-shire, and 

 I have a series from Balgowan, Perthshire, where it seems to 

 pass gradually into hortensis. 



H. caperata Mont. — As far north as Moray, chiefly near the 

 sea. It abounds on many sand hills, burying itself in the 

 sand about the roots of grass, and under stones. 



H. ericetorum Mull. — Near the sea on sand hills in several 

 places, more especially on the west coast. The var. instabilis 

 is reported from Iona and Mull. 



H lapicida L. — Found at Hawick by Mr W. Grant Guthrie. 

 H. rufescens Pennant. — Bowling (Trans. Glasgow Nat. Hist. 

 Soc. I. p. 196). Var. albida; in the same locality. In this 

 locality (which, as far as I am aware, is the only Scottish one), 

 it is entirely maritime. 



H eondnna Jeffreys. — Said to be generally distributed, and 

 in the Perth district it is certainly as common as the next 

 species, from which it is most easily distinguished by the shape 

 and colour of the an iro.il. Both species occur on and under 



