The Scottish Naturalist. 169 



shells I find on narrow ledges in company with H. pulchdla. 

 The young animal covers its shell with an encrustation of mud, 

 and thus often escapes notice. 



Cochlicopa lubrica Mull. — A common and widely distributed 

 species, living under stones and among dead leaves in both dry 

 and wet places. It is less common in the highlands. The var. 

 hibricoides is not uncommon near Perth. 



Azeca tridens Pult. — Very local, but apparently common where 

 it does occur. It has been found at Bridge of Allan (Foulis)> 

 and in Dumfries-shire (Somerville). It lives among moss. 



Clausilia laminata Mont. — Rare and local. Among ivy on a 

 shaded rock near Perth, where I discovered it some years ago. 

 It is said to frequent decayed leaves about the trunks of trees, 

 especially in beech woods. 



C. perversa Mull. Common (but less so in the highlands) 

 living on rocks and walls, and among moss at the roots of trees. 

 It attains an altitude of 2400 ft. on Ben Lawers. The var. 

 Everetti is reported from Shetland, and I have found it and the 

 var. tumidula at Perth. 



Balia perversa L. — A widely distributed but local species. 

 It is most abundant on rocks — hiding behind tufts of grass — and 

 under the stones in dry stone dykes ; less abundant below 

 loose bark of trees. The shell of this species (amongst others) 

 seems to attain a greater size in Scotland than it does in 

 England. I sent specimens to Mr. Jeffreys in illustration of this, 

 and he remarks (B. C. v. 161) that they are rather larger than 

 English. This may be caused by the moister atmosphere and 

 lower temperature of the Scottish summer permitting the 

 animals to feed for a longer period. As is well known, many 

 molluscs remain dormant in hot dry summer weather, in the 

 same manher as they do in winter. 



The same circumstances which cause these shells to be 

 larger in Scotland than they are in England may also be the 

 reason why many Scottish insects attain a greater size than 

 English examples of the same species. 



Pupa muscorum L — Rather scarce, but widely distributed, 

 and perhaps passed over as the next, and lives in similar 

 localities. 



/To be continued. J 



