8 REPTILIA. 



Test, europeea, Schn. ; T. orbicularis, L. ; Schoept". pi. 1(1) 

 (The Fresh-water Tortoise of Europe), is the most universally 

 diffused species; it is fouiil in all the south and east of Europe 

 as far as and in Prussia^ Its shell is oval, but slightly convex, 

 tolerably smooth, blackish, and every where dotted with yellow- 

 ish points arranged in radii. It attains the length of ten inches; 

 its flesh is used as food, and it is reared for that purpose 

 with bread, young vegetables, &c. Marsigli says, its eggs are 

 a year in being hatched. 

 Test, picta^ Schoepf. pi. iv (The Painted Tortoise), is one of 



the most beautiful species; it is smooth and brown, each plate 

 being surrounded with a yellow band, which is very broad on 

 the anterior edge. It is found in North America along the 

 shores of brooks, on rocks or trunks of trees, whence it plunges 

 into the water on the first alarm. (2) 

 Among the fresh-water Tortoises we should remark 



The Box-Tortoises, (3) 



The sternum of which is divided by a movable articulation into 

 two lids, which, when the head and limbs are withdrawn, com- 

 pletely encase the animal in its shell. 



In some the anterior lid only is movable. (4) 



In others both are equally so.(5) 



(1) It is the same as the verte et jaune, Lacep. pi. vi, and his ronde, pi. v, see 

 the Monog-. of this species by M. Bojanus, Vilna, 1819, fol. 



(2) Add Em. lutaria, ha.ce]p., IV; Em. Mansonii, Schweig-; Em.senegalensis, 

 Dumer.; E7n. subrufa, 'Lacep., XIII; Em. contrada, Schweig-; Em. ptmctafa, 

 Schoepf. V; Em. reticulata, Daud. ; Em. rubriventris, Le Conte; Em. serrata, 

 Daud. II, xxi; Em. concinna, Le Conte, or geometrica, Lesueur; Em. geogra- 

 phica, Lesueur; Em. scriptq, Schcepf., Ill, 4; Em. cinerea. Id. II, 3; Em. ceii- 

 trata, Uaud. or terrapen, Schoepf., XV; Em.concentrica, Le Conte; Em. odoraia. 

 Id.; J^7n./itsca, Lesueur; Em. leprosa, Schw.; Em.nasuta, Id.; Em.dorsata, 

 Schoepf.; Em. pulchella, Schoepf., XXVI, or insculpta, Le Conte; Em. lutescens, 

 Schw.; Em. expansa. Id.; Em. Macquaria, Cuv. 



M. Fitzinger separates under the name of Ciielodi>-a, and M. Bell under that 

 of Htdraspis, those species which have a more elongated neck, such as the Em. 

 Imgkollis, Shaw, Gen. Zool. Ill, part. I, pi. xvi;Em.planiceps, Schcepf , XXVII, 

 or canaliculata, Spix, YIiI;Em. plaiicephala, Menem; Em. depressa, Spix, III, 

 2; Em. carunculata, Aug. St. Hil. ; Em.tritentaculata, Id. 



(3) This subdivision gave Merrem his genus Terrapene, Spix his Kinoster- 

 NON, and Fleming his Cistuda. The European species, and others already par- 

 take of this movability, which i-enders the task of limiting the genus a difficult 

 matter. 



(4) Test, subnigra, I, vii,2; 71 clausa, Schoepf., VII. 



(5) La Tortile d boite d'Jmboine, Daud. II, 309; Test, tricarinata, Schoepf., II;_ 

 Test. pennsylvanica, I, d. xxiv. [To which may be added T. odorata, Daud. Am. Ed.] 



