ACANTHOPTERYGII. 189 



have no teeth en pav6, except at their posterior part, the remainder 

 of their extent as well as a part of the palate being covered with a 

 villous membrane. These fishes are recognized at sight by the first 

 spines of their dorsal, which rise in long flexible filaments. The 

 species known are from America.(l) 



JuLis, Cuv. 



The head entirely smooth and without scales; the lateral line 

 forming an elbow opposite the end of the dorsal. Some species are 

 found in the seas of Europe. 



/. vulgaris; Labhcs julis, L., Bl. 287, f. 1. A small fish re- 

 markable for its beautiful violet hue, relieved on each side by a 

 zigzag line of a rich orange colour, &c. It varies greatly, is 

 the best knoAvn of the Mediterranean species, and is also found 

 in the ocean. 



J. Giqffredi, Risso. A fine scarlet; a black spot at the angle 

 of the operculum; a gilt band along the flanks; inhabits both 

 the Mediterranean and the ocean. 



J. tursica, Risso. A rich green; a red streak on each scale; 



the head red, with blue lines; one or more vertical bands of a 



turquoise blue; a black spot on the pectoral; tail shaped like a 



crescent; one of the most beautiful fishes of the Mediterranean. 



Hot climates produce numerous species of this fish, most of which 



are splendidly and variously coloured. 



Some of them have a rounded or truncated caudal;(2) the first 

 dorsal rays of others(3) are drawn out into filaments. 



(1) Lachnolaimus suillus, C\iY.; Catesb., II, xv; L. caninus, C\iv., Turra, ])l. 

 Vn, f. 2. 



(2) Species with around or truncated tail; Labre parterre, Lacep., Ilf, xxix, 2, 

 the same as the Echiquier, Id., p. 493; L. trilobe. Id. Ill, iv, 3; L. teinioure, 

 Lac, III, xxix, 1, the same as his Spare hemisphere. III, xv, 3, and probably as 

 his Spare brachion. III, xviii, 3; L. ceiniure. Id., Ill, xxviii, 1; Lahrus brasilien- 

 sis, 151., 280; L. macrolepidotus, Bl., 284, 2; L. guttatus, Bl.,2S7, 2; L.cyano- 

 cej}halus, I.U., 286; L. malapterus,JM., 285; L. chhropterus, Bl., 288; L. bivitta- 

 tus, 284, 1; Julis crotaphus, Cuv., Parra, XXXVII, 1; L. albovittatus, Kjehlr., 

 Nov. Com. ret. IX, 458, and Encycl., 399; i/. mola, Cuv., Russ., II, 120; i. 

 margaritiferus, Cuv., or Gir. Labiche, Voy. Freycin. Zool. pi., f. 3; L. ornatus, 

 Carmich. Lin. Trans. XII, xxvii. 



(3) Tiie Girelle Gaymard, Voy. Freycin., pi. liv, which is also the Sparus 

 cretus, Forst., and Renard, part. I, pi. ii, No. 11, and part II, 160. N.B. The Caris 

 of M. de Lacepede established by that naturalist from the drawings of Commerson 

 have turned out to be fishes of the present g^nus with truncated tails, tlie artist 

 having' neglected to express the separation of the operculum from the preoper- 

 culum. The Coris unguis. III, iv, 2, appears to be the Lahrus malapterus, and the 



