LITERARY NOTICES. 



131 



reader by ascertaining the bent of his tastes 

 and the nature of the subjects in which he 

 has the most living interest and to the in- 

 ducement in him of the habit of systematic 

 and methodical reading. The other book 

 is a selection of papers by different authors, 

 having in part a similar bearing with rela- 

 tion to the children in schools ; and, in 

 part, showing how the library, properly 

 used, may be made a most efficient auxil- 

 iary to the studies of the school. 



Handsaws, their Use, Care, and Abuse. 

 How to select, and how to file them. By 

 Fred T. Hodgson. Xew York : The In- 

 dustrial Publication Company. Pp. 96. 

 Price, $1. 



This is a book of practical information 

 on matters relative to the qualities and ma- 

 nipulation of all kinds of handsaws, for the 

 benefit of those persons, whether operative 

 mechanics or amateurs, who use them ; and 

 it possesses a value to such to which its 

 price bears a really small proportion. It is 

 well illustrated ; and a list of works referred 

 to in the preface shows that a considerable 

 literature on the subject exists in out-of-the- 

 way places. 



Studies in Logic. By Members of the 

 Johns Hopkins University. Boston : 

 Little, Brown & Co. Pp. 203. Price, $2. 



The " Studies " are the work of students 

 of the university, with one essay contributed 

 by Professor C. S. Peirce at their request. 

 Two of the papers present new develop- 

 ments of the logical algebra of Boole. An- 

 other paper relating to deductive logic de- 

 velops those rules for the combination of 

 relative numbers of which the general prin- 

 ciples of probabilities are special cases. In 

 another essay, Dr. Marquand shows how a 

 counting - machine, or a binary system of 

 numeration, will exhibit De Morgan's eight 

 modes of universal syllogism. A second 

 paper by Dr. Marquand explains the views 

 of the Epicureans, known to us mainly 

 through a fragment of the work of Philode- 

 mus. Professor Peirce's paper contains a 

 statement of what appears to him to be the 

 true theory of the inductive process, and 

 the correct maxims for the performance of 

 it. The neophyte who takes up these essays 

 with the view of mastering them will find 

 abundant occupation. 



Deep Breathing. By Sophia Marquise 

 A. Ciccolina. Translated from the Ger- 

 man by Edgar S. Werner. New York 

 M. L. Holbrook & Co. Pp. 48. 



The subject is considered as a means 

 of promoting the art of song, and of cur- 

 ing weaknesses and affections of the throat 

 and lungs, especially consumption. The au- 

 thor speaks from experience, having had 

 her voice a rare one for song restored 

 after she had lost it, by practice in deep 

 breathing. We are told, in the preface to 

 the present edition, that a class in deep 

 breathing was formed in a certain sanitari- 

 um after reading one of the chapters of the 

 book ; as a result of a few weeks of prac- 

 tice in which, one young woman invalid in- 

 creased the size of her chest three inches 

 and greatly improved her health, and all re- 

 ceived much benefit. 



Books for the Young. A Guide for Par- 

 ents and Children. Compiled by C. M. 

 Hewins. Xew York : F. Leypoldt. Pp. 

 94. 



A classified list of the books most suit- 

 able for boys and girls, including both chil- 

 dren and youth of from ten to sixteen years 

 of age. The author is librarian of the Hart- 

 ford Library Association. The list is pref- 

 aced by a terse review of children's books 

 in general ; a number of suggestions on the 

 right use of books; notices of the best 

 works for children in English and American 

 history ; and a " symposium," in which are 

 quoted the expressions of several authors 

 and authorities on the reading best suited 

 for children. 



The Modern Sphinx, and some of her Ped- 

 dles. By M. J. Savage. Boston : George 

 H. Ellis. Pp. 160. Price, $1. 



A volume of Sunday-morning sermons, 

 of which the first six, constituting a series, 

 deal particularly with the objects of life, 

 business, and education. In the first ser- 

 mon, " The Modern Sphinx " is made to pro- 

 pound the question, What is the end of 

 man? The answer given is that, as the 

 earth and heavens glorify God by being, 

 man can glorify God only by being himself. 

 To help him accomplish this perfectly, busi- 

 ness, brains, and education should be used 

 and sought, not for themselves only, but as 

 means and aids to help him give himself the 



