COLLEGE ATHLETICS. 595 



sarily lose caste among his fellows as he does at this day. The pressure 

 of college opinion is against dissipation. It is absolutely necessary for 

 the athletes to abstain from it. Being taught the evil effects of ex- 

 cesses upon their strong men, the university is not slow to see that 

 intemperance is a wrong and an evil for all men. 



As a contribution to this part of the discussion, the accompanying 

 diagrams are offered, as bearing on the subject of disorders. The first 

 diagram gives, for each year of the twenty college years from 1862-'63 

 to 1881-'82, the percentage of the number of men expelled and sus- 

 pended from the Academical department of Yale College to the mem- 

 bership of that department. The numbers were taken from the Faculty 

 records, and include expulsions for all cases of disorder ; all dismis- 

 sals and suspensions for disorders by day or by night ; for drunk- 

 enness and for marks and irregularity. Each case counts as a unit 

 without regard to the severity of the penalty. Had more weight been 

 allowed to one case than another, it is not likely that the results would 

 have been materially changed, as the severe punishments of expulsion 

 and dismissal are infrequent. No account is taken of dismissals for 

 scholarship, the writer for,the present confining his investigations to 

 the effects of athletics on college order. The percentages are arranged 

 in vertical columns, one for each college year, the year being written 

 under the column. Each square represents one fifth of one per cent 

 (0'002). Thus, in 1862-'63, the cases of discipline were four and one 

 tenth per cent of the total membership for that year. In the next 

 year the cases of discipline were one and seven tenths per cent, etc. 

 The average for the twenty years will be found to be about three per 

 cent. For the first decade the average was a little more than three 

 and six tenths per cent, and for the last decade a little less than two 

 and four tenths per cent. Though a race between crews of Harvard 

 and Yale was rowed as early as 1852, yet it was not until the summer 

 of 1864 that the Harvard- Yale boat-race began to be the regular event 

 which it has since continued to be. The first permission to play ball out 

 of town was granted to the Yale Club in June, 1869, and the first per- 

 mission to the Foot-ball Team was given in November, 1878. These 

 permissions are indicated on the diagrams. 



In the second diagram the expulsions, dismissals and suspensions 

 for hazing, rushes, and attempted interference by members of one class 

 with the liberty or property of members of another, are given by num- 

 bers. Each square represents one case of discipline. These cases, 

 though already counted in forming Diagram No. 1, are represented in 

 No. 2 by themselves, in order to make evident the fact that this par- 

 ticularly troublesome class of disorders is diminishing. The writer 

 has already stated the reasons of his belief that the diminution of 

 them is due in great measure to the influence of athletics. 



In the opinion of the writer, the diagrams show that, whatever may 

 be the public impression, the real facts, as evidenced by the Faculty 



