THE INDUSTRIAL TYPE OF SOCIETY. 9 



uve follow when men, not bound to prescribed functions, acquire the 

 functions for which they have proved themselves most fit. Easily- 

 modified in its arrangements, the industrial type of society is there- 

 fore one which adapts itself with facility to new requirements. 



The other incidental result to be named is a tendency toward loss 

 of economic autonomy. 



While hostile relations with adjacent societies continue, each soci- 

 ety has to be productively self-sufficing ; but with the establishment 

 of peaceful relations this need for self-sufficingness ceases. As the 

 local divisions composing one of our great nations had, while they 

 were at feud, to produce each for itself almost everything it required, 

 but now, permanently at peace with one another, have become so far 

 mutually dependent that no one of them can satisfy its wants without 

 aid from the rest, so the great nations themselves, at present forced 

 in large measure to maintain their economic autonomies, will become 

 less forced to do this as war decreases, and will gradually become nec- 

 essary to one another. While, on the one hand, the facilities pos- 

 sessed by each for certain kinds of production will render exchange 

 mutually advantageous, on the other hand, the citizens of each will, 

 under the industrial regime, tolerate no such restraints on their indi- 

 vidualities as are implied by interdicts on exchange. 



With the spread of the industrial type, therefore, the tendency is 

 toward the breaking down of the divisions between nationalities, and 

 the running through them of a common organization if not under a 

 single government, then under a federation of governments. 



Such being the constitution of the industrial type of society to be 

 inferred from its requirements, we have now to inquire what evidence 

 is furnished by actual societies that approach toward this constitution 

 accompanies the progress of industrialism. 



As, during the peopling of the earth, the struggle for existence 

 among societies, from small hordes up to great nations, has been nearly 

 everywhere going on, it is, as before said, not to be expected that we 

 should readily find examples of the social type appropriate to an ex- 

 clusively industrial life. Ancient records join the journals of the day 

 in proving that thus far no civilized or semi-civilized nation has fallen 

 into circumstances making needless all social structures for resisting 

 aggression, and from every region travelers' accounts bring evidence 

 that, almost universally among the uncivilized, hostilities between tribes 

 are chronic. Still, a few examples exist which show with tolerable 

 clearness the outline of the industrial type in its rudimentary form 

 the form which it assumes where culture has made but little progress. 

 We will consider these cases first, and then proceed to disentangle the 

 traits distinctive of the industrial type as exhibited by large nations 

 which have become predominantly industrial in their activities. 



