2 o THE POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



and the Dhimals, the Lepchas, the Santals, the Todas, and other 

 peoples kindred in their form of social life ; and here I may add fur- 

 ther ones. Of the Lepchas, Hooker says, " In all my dealings with 

 these people, they proved scrupulously honest." " " Among the pure 

 Santals," writes Hunter, " crime and criminal officers are unknown " ; ia 

 while of the Hos, belonging to the same group as the Santals, Dalton 

 says, " A reflection on a man's honesty or veracity may be sufficient to 

 send him to self-destruction." 13 In like manner Shortt testifies that 

 " the Todas, as a body, have never been convicted of heinous crimes 

 of any kind " ; 14 and, concerning other peaceful tribes of the Shervaroy 

 Hills, he states that " crime of a serious nature is unknown among 

 them." 16 Again, of the Jakuns we read that " they are never known 

 to steal anything, not even the most insignificant trifle." 16 And so of 

 certain natives of Malacca who " are naturally of a commercial turn," 

 Jukes writes : " No part of the world is freer from crime than the dis- 

 trict of Malacca ... a few petty cases of assault ; or of disputes about 

 property . . . are all that occur." " 



Thus free from the coercive rule which warlike activities necessi- 

 tate, and without that sentiment which makes the needful subordina- 

 tion possible thus maintaining their own claims while respecting the 

 like claims of others thus devoid of the vengeful feelings which ag- 

 gressions without and within the tribe generate these peoples, instead 

 of the bloodthirstiness, the cruelty, the selfish trampling upon inferiors, 

 characterizing militant tribes and societies, display, in unusual degrees, 

 the humane sentiments. Insisting on their amiable qualities, Hodgson 

 describes the Bodo and the Dhimals as being " almost entirely free 

 from such as are unamiable." 18 Remarking that " while courteous and 

 hospitable he is firm and free from cringing," Hunter tells us of the 

 Santal that he thinks "uncharitable men "will suffer after death. 19 

 Saying that the Lepchas are " ever foremost in the forest or on the 

 bleak mountain, and ever ready to help, to carry, to encamp, collect, 

 or cook," Hooker adds, " They cheer on the traveler by their unosten- 

 tatious zeal in his service " ; and he also adds that " a present is di- 

 vided equally among many, without a syllable of discontent or grudg- 

 ing look or word." ao Of the Jakuns, too, Favre tells us that " they 

 are generally kind, affable, inclined to gratitude and to beneficence " : 

 their tendency being not to ask favors but to confer them. 31 And then 

 of the peaceful Arafuras we learn from Kolff that 



' They have a very excusable amhition to gain the name of rich men, by pay- 

 ing the debts of their poorer fellow-villagers. The officer [M. Bik], whom I 

 quoted above, related to me a very striking instance of this. At Affora he was 

 present at the election of the village chief, two individuals aspiring to the station 

 of Orang Tua. The people chose the elder of the two, which greatly afflicted 

 the other, but he soon afterward expressed himself satisfied with the choice the 

 people had made, and said to M. Bik, who had been sent there on a commission, 

 ' What reason have I to grieve? Whether I am Orang Tua or not, I still have it 



