THE INDUSTRIAL TYPE OF SOCIETY. 21 



in my power to assist my fellow-villagers.' Several old men agreed to this, 

 apparently to comfort him. Thus the only use they make of their riches is to 

 employ it in settling differences." 23 



And these various evidences may be enforced by yet others contained 

 in works on Japan, published since these chapters were commenced. 

 Giving a passing notice to the fact that Captain St. John, speaking of 

 the " goodness and kindness " of the people in the " wild part of Ja- 

 pan," where they had not seen Europeans, says, " I always found, the 

 farther from the open ports I went, the nicer in every way were the 

 people," 23 I pass on to the testimony of Miss Bird concerning the 

 Ainos. These appear to be an aboriginal race, who, like the Hill tribes 

 of India, have retired before an invading race. According to this lady 

 traveler, " they have no traditions of internecine strife, and the art of 

 war seems to have been lost long ago." They are " truthful," " gen- 

 tle," " considerate " ; and when a house was burned down all the men 

 joined to rebuild it. They are "punctiliously honest" in all their 

 transactions ; are very anxious to give ; and when induced to sell 

 would accept only a moiety of the amount offered. Describing gener- 

 ally their traits of nature she says, " I hope I shall never forget the 

 music of their low sweet voices, the soft light of their mild brown 

 eyes, and the wonderful sweetness of their smile." 24 



With these superiorities of the social relations in permanently 

 peaceful tribes go superiorities of their domestic relations. As I have 

 before pointed out, while the status of Women is habitually very low in 

 tribes given to war and in more advanced militant societies, it is habit- 

 ually very high in these primitive peaceful societies. The Bodo and 

 the Dhinials, the Kocch, the Santals, the Lepchas, are monogamic, as 

 were also the Pueblos ; and along with their monogamy habitually 

 goes a superior sexual morality. Of the Lepchas Hooker says, " The 

 females are generally chaste, and the marriage tie is strictly kept." 

 Among the Santals, " unchastity is almost unknown " and " divorce is 

 rare." 2fl By the Bodo and the Dhimals, "polygamy, concubinage, and 

 adultery are not tolerated : " " chastity is prized in man and woman, 

 married and unmarried." 2T Further it is to be noted that, among these 

 peoples, the behavior to women is extremely good. " The Santal treats 

 the female members of his family with respect ; " 28 the Bodo and the 

 Dhimals " treat their wives and daughters with confidence and kind- 

 ness : they are free from all out-door work whatever." 20 And even 

 among the Todas, low as are the forms of their sexual relations, " the 

 wives are treated by their husbands with marked respect and atten- 

 tion." 30 Moreover, we are told concerning sundry of these unwarlike 

 peoples that the status of children is also high ; and there is none of 

 that distinction of treatment between boys and girls which charac- 

 terizes militant tribes.* 



* In a "Symposium" published in the "Nineteenth Century" for April and May, 1S11, 

 was discussed "the influence upon morality of a decline in religious belief": the ques- 



