188 THE POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



in physical and intellectual qualities than she. It may he added that 

 more biological differences are found between the males than between 

 the females of the same race. If, for example, we take ten Crevecceur 

 cocks, we shall find that they differ much more from each other in size 

 and the development of the locomotive organs than ten hens of the 

 same variety. So, in the human species, regarding the stature, color 

 of hah', muscular strength, voice, tastes, ideas, and even handwriting, 

 we shall find a great resemblance among women and a great diversity 

 among men. Although, as we have seen, man excels woman among 

 the European races, this is not the case in certain inferior races, where 

 the feminine sex is more vigorous and more intelligent than the mascu- 

 line. The women are equal or superior among certain African tribes 

 as in Dahomey, where they are the soldiers and have a higher official 

 rank among some of the hill tribes of India, among the Pueblos of 

 North America, in Kamtchatka according to Meiners, among some 

 Afghan tribes in Java, and among the Morotokos of South America. 

 The Patagonian women, according to De Rochas, are almost as large 

 and as brave as the men, and a woman is chief ; and when in an infe- 

 rior race the man surpasses the woman, his pre-eminence is always less 

 than it is among the superior races. This is shown by different an- 

 thropologists to be the case with reference to the length of the radius 

 (Broca), the dimensions of the shoulder-blades (Dr. Livon), and the 

 general stature. The two sexes are of the same size among the Bush- 

 men and the Patagonians (De Rochas). The difference in favor of the 

 man among the Europeans averages eighty-six millimetres according 

 to Quetelet, and twelve centimetres according to M. Topinard (4'68 

 inches). A similar diversity in differences of cranial capacity is indi- 

 cated by the measurements of Broca, and by the observations of M. 

 Huschke and Mr. J. B. Davis, that the difference in this respect in favor 

 of the man increases as the race is more elevated. The same rule is 

 applied to the general external aspect by M. Primer Bey, whose con- 

 clusion is supported by his own observations of the Druses and those 

 of M. G. Pouchet among the Arabs of Upper Nubia. We need not 

 go as far as this, for some anthropologists tell us that the difference 

 is less noticeable between Russian than between French men and 

 women. 



What we have noticed relative to living inferior tribes is equally 

 observed among ancient inferior races. Some of the peoples of an- 

 tiquity were governed by women, of whom Semiramis, Dido, Athalia, 

 Cleopatra, Zenobia, etc., are examples. Diodorus speaks of the equal- 

 ity of the sexes among the ancient Scythians. According to the Ro- 

 man historians, the Teutonic, Cimbrian, and Gallic women fought with 

 as much courage as the men. Among some of the Pelasgian peoples and 

 the Ibero-Ligurians, women decided concerning war and peace. The 

 physical and intellectual predominance of the men was, on the other 

 hand, considerable among the Greeks and Romans. The pre-eminence 



