LITERARY NOTICES. 



5 6 3 



Report upon United States Geographical 

 Surveys west oe the One Hundredth 

 Me.'.idian, in charge of First-Lieutenant 

 George M. Wheeler, Corps of Engineers, 

 U. S. Army, under the Direction of Brig- 

 adier-General A. A. Humphreys, Chief 

 of Engineers, U. S. Army. Published 

 by authority of the Secretary of War. 

 Vol. VII, Archaeology. Washington : 

 Government Printing-Office. Pp. 497, 

 with 22 Plates. 



This volume, which is put forth in a 

 style and with a character of illustration 

 worthy of the work to which it relates, and 

 of the government under which the work is 

 carried on, includes reports upon the ar- 

 chceological and ethnological collections from 

 the vicinity of Santa Barbara, California, and 

 from ruined pueblos of Arizona and New 

 Mexico, and certain interior tribes, which 

 have been prepared by Mr. Frederick W. 

 Putnam, of the Peabody Museum, assisted 

 by Drs. C. C. Abbott, S. S. Haldeman, A. C. 

 Yarrow, and Messrs. H. W. Henshaw and 

 Lucian Carr; and an appendix of Indian 

 vocabularies, revised and prepared by Al- 

 bert S. Gatschet. The vocabularies have 

 been gathered from forty distinct localities, 

 and are divisible into seven distinct stocks. 

 The entire contribution represented by the 

 book, says Lieutenant Wheeler, " has re- 

 sulted from the incidental labors of mem- 

 bers of several expeditions, and but points 

 the way to a large and almost 'untrodden 

 field of research among aboriginal remains." 



English History for Students : Being the 

 Introduction to the Study of English 

 History. By Samuel R. Gardiner, Hon. 

 LL. D., Professor of Modern History in 

 King's College, London. With a Crit- 

 ical and Biographical Account of Au- 

 thorities, by J. Bass Mullinger, M. A., 

 St. John's College, Cambridge. New 

 York: Henry Holt & Co. Pp. 424. 

 Price, $2.25. 



In the first (Professor Gardiner's) part 

 of this volume are considered the growth 

 and development of English civil and polit- 

 ical institutions from their origins ; which 

 origins, as the introductory chapter shows, 

 are ultimately found at the beginnings of 

 history. The principle is kept in view 

 throughout that the bearing and meaning 

 of every event are largely determined by 

 the events that preceded it, and that it in 

 turn exerts its influence on the events that 



follow. " By knowing this relation, the in 

 cniirer learns not merely what took place, but 

 why it took place." Moreover, "the per- 

 sonalities of history are not merely figures 

 flitting across a stage, of whom it is enough 

 to learn the motives and the actions. They 

 are themselves the result of causes which 

 existed generations before they were born, 

 and influence results for generations after 

 they die." We can not, therefore, " study a 

 generation of men as if it could be isolated 

 and examined like a piece of inorganic 

 matter," but must bear in mind that it is a 

 portion of a living whole which is under 

 observation. Professor Gardiner regards 

 his part as really an introduction to Mr. 

 Mullinger's account of authorities, which 

 forms full half of the volume. It has been 

 Mr. Mullinger's aim in this part carefully to 

 distinguish the contemporary sources of in- 

 formation for each period from the sources 

 of later times, and to supply, where practi- 

 cable, such an amount of comment as will 

 enable the student to form a fairly accurate 

 notion of each author's value as an au- 

 thority. 



First Annual Report of the United States 

 Geological Survey to the Hon. Carl 

 Schurz, Secretary of the Interior. 

 By Clarence King, Director. Washing- 

 ton: Government Printing-Office. Pp. 

 79, with Map. 



The present report reviews the oper- 

 ations of the survey during 1879-'80 in the 

 four geological districts into which Mr. King 

 has divided his work, and which are de- 

 scribed in the text and clearly defined in 

 the map as the divisions of the Rocky 

 Mountains, the Colorado, the Great Basin, 

 and the Pacific. Special attention is given 

 to some particular feature or features in 

 each district, so that the report may be re- 

 garded as consisting in large part of mono- 

 graphs on Leadville, Lake Bonneville, the 

 Uinkaret and Grand Canon districts of Colo- 

 rado, and the San Francisco, Eureka, and 

 Bodie districts of California and Nevada, 

 and the Comstock Lode, each by the assist- 

 ant geologist in whose particular field the 

 subject fell. Information of a general char- 

 acter respecting mining resources and in- 

 dustries has been derived from officers of 

 the Census Bureau, whose co-operation Mr. 

 King enjoyed, and is added to the special 



