SKETCH OF M. LOUIS PASTEUR. 829 



edge of their cause, is resolving that marvelous problem of transforming 

 the agent that causes death into an agent preservative against its as- 

 saults ! . . . Justice," he continued, " is often tardy for inventors ; its 

 pace is frequently so halting that their life is not long enough for 

 them to have time to see it come. M. Pasteur, whom I name at last, 

 has had the privilege of seeing it hasten its pace for him. He is also 

 one of those whose virtue does not rest when it has made their opinion 

 good. Master of what he knew to be the truth, he has desired and 

 has known how to give it force by the evident clearness of his experi- 

 mental demonstrations, and to force the majority of those who were at 

 first refractory to confess it with him." A writer in the " Westmin- 

 ster Review " gives eloquent utterance to a similar sentiment, when 

 he speaks of M. Pasteur as one " whose researches have yielded so 

 much material profit that one thinks of him as of the orange-tree 

 standing in all the glory of blossom and fruit at the same time." 



M. Pasteur was received with enthusiastic acclamations by the 

 International Medical Congress when he arose to make the address 

 which we publish ; and the address was distributed by the Govern- 

 ment through all parts of the United Kingdom. The " Graphic," 

 publishing his portrait, published also a remark of Sir James Paget, 

 that, by his discoveries relative to carbuncular diseases he had done 

 for cattle what Jenner had done for the human race. And Profess- 

 or Huxley has said that he considered the discoveries so important 

 that they were worth all the five milliards of francs which France 

 paid to Germany after the war of 1870-'71. 



In 1868 M. Pasteur was awarded a prize of 10,000 florins by the 

 Agricultural Minister of Austria for the discovery of the best means 

 of contending with the silk-worm disease. A decree was signed by 

 Napoleon III and M. Ollivier in July, 1870, but never promulgated, 

 making him Senator. The French Government granted him, in 1874, 

 a pension of 12,000 francs, "in consideration of his services to science 

 and industry," and in the next year increased the pension by the 

 addition of 6,000 francs. The Societe cV Encouragement, in 1873, 

 awarded him a prize of 12,000 francs for his studies relative to the 

 silk-worm, wine, vinegar, and beer, collectively. 



M. Pasteur was elected a member of the French Academy of Sci- 

 ences in 1862, to take the place of Senarmont in the section of Min- 

 eralogy. In 1869 he was elected one of the fifty foreign members 

 of the Royal Society of London. His principal works, besides his com- 

 munications to the "Recueils des Savants Strangers" and the "An- 

 nales de Chimie et de Physique," are : " Nouvel Exemple de Fer- 

 mentation determine par des Animalcules infusoires pouvant vivre 

 sans Oxygene libre " (Paris, 1863) ; " Etudes sur le Vin, ses Maladies, 

 etc." (1866) ; "tude sur le Vinaigre, etc." (1868) ; "Etudes sur les 

 Vers a Soie " (2 vols., 1870) ; " Quelques Reflexions sur la Science en 

 France" (1871) ; and "Etudes sur la Biere." 



