DREAM AND REALITY. 101 



ence of the moral standards of the dream with those of the wak- 

 ing condition; the confusion of temporal duration and sequence; 

 and the transformations of personality and character, concerning 

 which I would ask, however, if the eccentricities betrayed are not 

 rather in the nature of more complete exposure. I have some- 

 times been surprised at the psychological revelations of dreams; 

 faults and weaknesses that we do not avow when in the normal con- 

 dition reveal themselves then with inexorable frankness; we yield to 

 temptations that we evaded when awake, though inclined to them; 

 to wickednesses which we kept closely shut up within us; reveal 

 antipathies which we had dissimulated. Base desires break out, latent 

 loves declare themselves, and things take place which, as in a play, 

 bring the farthest depths of our hearts into the light; and when 

 we wake we say: " That is true; it is just what I should have done 

 under like circumstances. I had never thought of it, and I am not 

 proud of it, but it is so." 



There is this real distinction between the dream and the waking 

 state: that when awake I know there is another condition, while in 

 the dream I take no thaught of the waking state. Awake, I know 

 that I have been living the fantastic dream life, and have come out 

 of it into a real life completely distinct from the other. I am in a 

 first state, and know there is a second. But when I am dreaming I 

 have no thought of another state that I have come out of and must 

 return to; I do not feel that there is another existence, radically 

 separated from this one; and I never compare the visions of my 

 dreams with my waking world, for I know nothing of it. I have the 

 impression of having always lived the life I am in, which seems 

 natural ; and even if I ask whether I am not dreaming, it is a merely 

 verbal expression, with no accompanying sense of the meaning 

 of it. Another distinction, and the only absolutely clear one, is 

 that while we always wake from the dream, we never wake from 

 the reality. This is why we believe in the reality and not in the 

 dream. 



These two differences are differences in degree, but they do not 

 necessarily indicate differences in nature. Similar facts are frequent 

 among hypnotics. We may plunge them into a condition of som- 

 nambulism which we will call a second state; and then, from that, 

 magnetize them over again into another somnambulism, which we 

 call the third state. Now the curious fact comes to pass that the sub- 

 ject in the third state recollects the second state, but when in the 

 second state again, knows nothing of having been in the third state. 

 " Lucie 3," says M. Pierre Janet, " recollected her normal life per- 

 fectly; she also recollected previous somnambulisms, and all that 

 Lucie 2 had said. ... It was a long and hard task to awaken this 



