THE RACIAL GEOGRAPHY OF EUROPE. 163 



THE EACIAL GEOGRAPHY OF EUROPE. 



A SOCIOLOGICAL STUDY. 



(Lowell Institute Lectures, 1896.) 

 By WILLIAM Z. RIPLEY, Ph. D., 



ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF SOCIOLOGY, MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ; LECTURER 

 IN ANTHROPO-GEOGRAPIIY AT COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY. 



SUPPLEMENT.— THE JEWS* 



SOCIAL solidarity, the clearest expression of which to-day is 

 nationality, is the resultant of a multitude of factors. Eoremost 

 among these stand unity of language, a common heritage of tradition 

 and belief, and the permanent occupation of a definite territory. 

 The first two are largely psychological in essence. The third, a 

 material circumstance, is necessary rather to insure the stability of 

 the others than for its own sake ; although, as we know, attachment to 

 the soil may in itself become a positive factor in patriotism. Two 

 European peoples alone are there which, although landless, have 

 succeeded, notwithstanding, in a maintenance of their social con- 

 sciousness, almost at the level of nationality. Both Gypsies and 

 Jews are men without a country. Of these, the latter offer perhaps 

 the most remarkable example, for the Gypsies have never disbanded 

 tribally. They still wander about eastern Europe and Asia Minor in 

 organized bands, after the fashion of the nomad peoples of the East. 

 The Jews, on the other hand, have maintained their solidarity in 

 all parts of the earth, even in individual isolation one from another. 

 They wander not gregariously in tribes, often not even in families. 

 Their seed is scattered like the plant spores of which the botanists 

 tell us; which, driven by wind or sea, independently travel thousands 

 of miles before striking root or becoming fecund. True, the Jews 

 bunch wherever possible. This is often a necessity imposed for self- 

 preservation; but in their enforced migrations their associations must 

 change kaleidoscopically from place to place. Not all has been said 



* In the preparation of this article I have to acknowledge the courtesy of Mr. Joseph 

 Jacobs, of London, whose works in this line are accepted as an authority. In its illustra- 

 tion I have derived invaluable assistance from Dr. S. Weissenberg, of Elizabethgrad, Russia, 

 and Dr. L. Bertholon, of Tunis. Both these gentlemen have loaned me a large number of 

 original photographs of types from their respective countries. Dr. Bertholon has also 

 taken several especially for use in this way. The more general works upon which we have 

 relied are: R. Andree, Zur Volkskunde der Juden, Bielefeld, 1881; A. Leroy-Beaulieu, 

 Les Juifs et l'antisemitisme, Paris, 3e ed. 1893 ; and C. Lombroso, Gli Antisemitismo, Torino, 

 1894. For all other authorities to whom reference is made by name and year, consult our 

 comprehensive Bibliography of the Anthropology and Ethnology of Europe, in a forth- 

 coming Srecial Bulletin of the Boston Public Library. In its index under "Jews" and 

 "Semites" will be found an exhaustive list of authorities given chronologically. 



