34° 



POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



cently been proved beyond all question.* Thus does the European 

 Mediterranean type shade off in head form, as in complexion also, into 

 the primitive anthropological type of the negro. The situation being 

 thus clearly defined, it should be relatively easy to trace our modern 

 Jews, if, indeed, as has so long been assumed, they have remained 

 a pure and undefiled race during the course of their incessant migra- 

 tions. We should be able to trace their origin if they possess any 

 distinctive head form, either to the one continent or the other, with 

 comparative certainty. 



During the last quarter of a century about twenty-five hundred 

 Jews have submitted their heads to scientific measurement. These 

 have naturally for the most part been taken from the Great Russian 

 and Polish branch ; a few observers, as Lombroso, Ikof , Jacobs, Gluek, 

 and Livi, have taken observations upon a more or less limited number 

 from southern Europe. For purposes of comparison we have repro- 

 duced in our footnote a summary of all the results obtained thus far. 

 Inspection of the table shows a surprising uniformity. Ikof's 

 limited series of Spagnuoli from Constantinople, and that of the 

 Jews from Caucasia and Daghestan, are the only ones whose cephalic 

 index lies outside the limits of 80 to 83. In other words, the Jews, 



Authority. 



Lombroso, 1894 a 



Weisbach, '77 



Majer and Kopernicki, '77 . 



Blechmann, '82 



Stieda, '83 (Dvbowski) 



Ikof, '84 " 



Ikof, '84 



Ikof, '84 



Majer and Kopernicki, '85 . 



Jacobs, '90 



Jacobs, '90 



Talko-Hyrncewicz, '92 



Chantre, '95 



Weissenberg, '95 



Weissenberg, '95 



Gliick, '96 



Livi, '96 



Elkind, '97 



Deniker, '98 



Place. 



Turin, Italy. 



Balkan states. 



Galicia. 



W. Russia. 



Minsk, Russia. 



Russia. 



Constantinople. 



Crimea. 



Galicia. 



England. 



England (Sephardim). 



Lithuania. 



Caucasia. 



South Russia. 



South Russia. 



Bosnia (Spagnuoli). 



Italy. 



Poland. 



Daghestan. 



wherever found in Europe, betray a remarkable similarity in head 

 form, the crania being considerably broader than among the peoples 

 of Teutonic descent. As we know, the extremes of head form in 

 Europe, measured by the cephalic index, extend from 74 to 89; we 

 thus observe that the Jews take a place rather high in the European 



* Bertholon, 1892, p. 43; Sergi, 1897 a, chapter i, and even more recently Fouquet, 

 1896 and 1897, on the basis of De Morgan's discoveries. 



