346 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



marital relations were safeguarded against infusion of foreign blood 

 in every possible way. The name is, perhaps, in its various forms, the 

 most frequent among Jews to-day. But how shall we account for 

 the equally pure Jewish names in origin, such as Davis, Harris, 

 Phillips, and Hart? How did they ever stray so far from their 

 original ethnic and religious significance, unless the marital bars were 

 lowered to a large degree? Some of them certainly claim a foremost 

 position numerically in our Christian English directories. We have 

 an interesting case of indefinite Jewish delimitation in our portraits. 

 The middle portrait at page 341 is certainly a Jewish type. Dr. 

 Bertholon writes me that all who saw it immediately asserted it to 

 be a Jew. Yet the man was a professed Mussulman, in fact, even 

 though his face was against him. 



There is, as we have sought to prove, no single uniform type of 

 head peculiar to the Jewish people which may be regarded as in any 

 sense racially hereditary. Is this true also of the face? Our first 

 statement encounters no popular disapproval, for most of us never, 

 perhaps, happened to think of this head form as characteristic. But 

 the face, the features ! Is this another case of science running coun- 

 ter to popular belief? 



The first characteristic to impress itself upon the layman is that the 

 Jew is generally a brunette. All scientific observers corroborate this 

 impression, agreeing in that the dark hair and eyes of this people really 

 constitute a distinct racial trait. About two thirds of the Ashkena- 

 zim branch in Galicia and Russia, where the general population is 

 relatively quite blond, is of the brunette type, this being especially 

 marked in the darker color of the hair. For example, Majer and 

 Kopernicki,* in Galicia, found dark hair to be about twice as fre- 

 quent as the light. Elkind,f in Warsaw, finds about three fifths of 

 the men dark. In Bosnia, Gliick's observations on the Sephardim 

 type gave him only two light-haired men out of fifty-five. In Germany 

 and Austria^; this brunette tendency is likewise strongly emphasized. 

 Pure brunette types are twice as frequent in the latter country, and 

 three times as frequent in Germany, among Jewish as among Chris- 

 tian school children. Pacts also seem to bear out the theory, to which 

 we have already alluded, that the Oriental Jews betray a slightly 

 greater blond tendency, thus inclining to rufous. In Germany also 

 the blond tendency becomes appreciably more frequent in Alsace- 

 Lorraine, a former center of gravity of the nation, as the map in our 

 previous article has shown. This comparative blondness of the Alsa- 

 tian Jew is not new, for in 1861 the origin of these same blondes was 

 matter of controversy. Broca believed them to be of northern deriva- 



* 1877, pp. 88-90; 1885, p. 34. f Centralblatt fur Anthropologie, vol. iii, p. 66. 

 % Virchow, 1886 b, p. 364; Schimmer, 1884, p. xxiii. 



