THE SUMMER HEAT OF CITIES. 447 



possibility of cultivating a large variety of trees in the streets and 

 public places of large cities when the planting and cultivation is 

 placed under competent authority. In our own country the cities of 

 New Haven and Washington are examples of the successful cultiva- 

 tion of trees to an extent sufficient to greatly modify the summer 

 temperature. Authorities on landscape gardening and forestry sus- 

 tain the view that under proper supervision by competent and skilled 

 persons a great variety of trees, shrubs, plants, and vines can be 

 cultivated in the streets and public places of this city. Mr. Freder- 

 ick Law Olmstead, to whom the city is so much indebted for his in- 

 telligent supervision of Central Park in its early period, warmly 

 supported a movement to cultivate trees, shrubs, plants, and vines 

 in the streets of New York. Dr. J. T. Rothrock, the very able and 

 experienced Commissioner of Forestry of Pennsylvania, under date 

 of October 10, 1898, speaking of the proposed plan of securing the 

 cultivating trees in the streets of this city, remarks: " I think it an 

 excellent measure, and I am sure that during the torrid season the 

 more tree shade you have the fewer will be your cases of heat ex- 

 haustion. It is idle to say, as is often said in this country, that trees 

 can not be made to grow in our cities. Under existing conditions 

 the wonder is, not that trees look unhealthy in most cities, but that 

 any of them manage to live at all. It is perfectly well known that 

 the city of Paris has thousands of trees growing vigorously under 

 such surroundings as the American gardener would think impos- 

 sible. Two things are necessary to success — viz., first, the kinds of 

 trees to endure city life must be found; and, second, select from 

 among them such as are adapted by their size and shape to each 

 special place." 



Mr. Gilford Pinchot, of the Division of Forestry, Department 

 of Agriculture, Washington, writes under date of December 2, 

 1898: " Street trees are successfully planted in great numbers in all 

 of the most beautiful cities of the world. Washington and Paris are 

 conspicuous examples. That such trees succeed is largely due to the 

 great care taken in setting them out. The attractiveness of cities 

 has come to be reckoned among their business advantages, and noth- 

 ing adds to it more than well-selected, well-planted, and well-cared- 

 for trees. On the score of public health trees in the streets of cities 

 are equally desirable. They become objectionable only when badly 

 selected and badly maintained." 



In a recent paper on Tree Planting in the Streets of Washington, 

 Mr. W. P. Richards, surveyor of the District of Columbia, remarks 

 that, under the plan adopted, " tree planting has never been at an ex- 

 perimental stage " in that city. " Washington was a city of young- 

 trees during the seventies, and in the spring of 1875 more than six 



