582 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



mansion to the tent, and just a century later one of Talleyrand's 

 countrymen, M. Pierre Leroy-Beaulieu, traveling in the reverse 

 direction, from " the bush " to Coolgardie, witnessed the gradual 

 transformation of the tent into the two-storied hotel. A great part of 

 the history of the race in the matter of habitations is thus museumed 

 in the space of a few miles. 



If the temple rises out of the tomb, is modeled on that, and re- 

 mains to the last pre-eminently a place of sacrifice, the church is an 

 enlarged dwelling house. It is the house of the god, as the fetichist 

 called it — the house of God, as we still reverently call it; and in 

 Romanist countries to this day it is in a manner the abode of two 

 divine personages, who figure as dizened and painted dolls that are 

 named respectively God and the Mother of God! Both lines of de- 

 velopment are rapidly recapitulated in colonies. The temple appears 

 as the cathedral, which has modest beginnings, but gradually assumes 

 the architecture and proportions of Gothic cathedrals, losing relation 

 to the primary wants of the worshipers — comfort and audibility — 

 ministering mainly to their higher needs, and if used for preaching 

 at all, reserved for such occasional and sensational pulpit oratory a? 

 that of Dominican monks like Lacordaire at Notre Dame in Paris, 

 or of a Protestant Dominican like the late Canon Liddon at St. 

 Paul's in London. The church, chapel, or meeting house may be 

 found in colonial villages in its most rudimentary form, scarcely 

 distinguishable in style from a dwelling house. According to the 

 sect it belongs to, it develops in one of two opposite directions. The 

 age of cathedrals is past, even in Roman Catholic countries, but the 

 tendency of Anglican and allied churches is to simulate the old 

 cathedral; high ritualistic sections mimic the gorgeous Madeleine. 

 The more liberal denominations, on the other hand, develop down- 

 ward; the colonial Baptist tabernacle is on the lines of Spurgeon's 

 great building at ISTewington, but the ancient pulpit is widened into 

 a platform and the seats slope upward as in a concert hall; it is a 

 mere auditorium, in which the preacher is all. The development in 

 this direction finds its extreme in the secularist hall, which is a mere 

 concert room, with a piano in place of an organ. The ceremonial 

 development is on the same lines — toward the gradual adoption of 

 ancient rites by the older churches, toward more freedom in the 

 younger sects. Many a colonial clergyman has wrecked himself or 

 his congregation through too much ritualism; a few have injured 

 themselves through an excess of liberalism. 



A parallel evolution takes place in church government. Where 

 an organized settlement is made on political principles, congregations 

 carry their minister with them, or rather the ministers carry their 

 congregations. Where the colony is normally founded and grows up 



