THE PEOPLES OF THE BALKAN PENINSULA. 633 



novitch, of Varna, upon several thousand recruits from western Bul- 

 garia prove that in the west these Bulgarians even outdo many of the 

 Balkan Slavs in their broad-headedness.* At the same time it ap- 

 pears that the older authorities were right, after all, in respect of the 

 eastern Bulgarians. Among them, and also over in eastern Rou- 

 melia, long heads are still the rule. The oval-faced Bulgarians 

 among our portraits are probably of this dolichocephalic type. 

 Their contrast facially with the broad-headed Roumanians is very 

 marked. Thus it is established that the Bulgarian nation is by no 

 means a unit in its head form. We should add also that, although not 

 definitely proved as yet, it is highly probable that similar variations 

 occur in Roumania. In the Bukovina brachycephaly certainly pre- 

 vails. Our square-faced Roumanians on page 621 may presumably 

 be taken to represent this type. This broad-headedness decreases 

 apparently toward the east as we leave the Carpathian Mountains, 

 until along the Black Sea it seems, as in Bulgaria, to give way to a 

 real dolichocephaly. I 



How are we to account for the occurrence of so extended an area 

 of long-headedness all over the great lower Danubian plain? Our 

 study of the northern Slavs has shown that no such phenomenon 

 occurs there among the Russians. It certainly finds no counterpart 

 among the southern Slavs or the Turks. The only other people who 

 resemble these Bulgars in long-headedness are the Greeks. Even 

 they are far separated ; and, in any event, but very impure representa- 

 tives of the type. What shall we say? Two explanations seem to be 

 possible, as Dr. Beddoe observes.:}: Either this dolichocephaly is due 

 to the Finnicism of the original Bulgars, or else it represents a char- 

 acteristic of the pre-Bulgarian population of the Danube basin. He 

 inclines with moderation to the former view. The other horn of the 

 dilemma is chosen by Anutchin * in a brilliant paper at the late An- 

 thropological Congress at Moscow. According to his view — and we 

 assent most heartily to it— this dolichocephaly along the Black Sea 

 represents the last survival of a most persistent trait of the primitive 

 inhabitants of eastern Europe. Referring again to our study of 

 Russia, 1 1 we would call attention to the occurrence of a similar long- 

 headed race underlying all the modern Slavic population. We are 

 able to prove also that such a primitive substratum occurs over nearly 

 all Europe. It has been unearthed not far from here, for example, 

 at Glasinac in Bosnia. When archaeological research is extended 



* 1891, p. 30. Dr. Bassanovitch has most courteously sent me a sketch map showing 

 the results of these researches. Deniker, 1897, p. 203, and 1898 a, describes them also, 

 f Deniker, 1898 a, p. 122 ; Weisbach, 1877, p. 238 ; Rosny, 1885, p. 85. 

 % 1879, p. 233. * 1893, p. 282. 



U Popular Science Monthly, October, 1898, p. 734. 

 vol. liv. — 47 



